DTU ProjectLab - User contributions [en-gb]

ICT Agreement

2021-02-28T15:09:07Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT project roles */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌
Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌
(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-28T15:07:14Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT project roles */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]][[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌
Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌
(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-28T15:06:29Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT project roles */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌
Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌
(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-25T13:58:41Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌
Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌
(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-25T13:58:27Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌
Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌
(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-25T13:58:04Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* The ICT regulation */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌

Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-25T13:57:40Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process<ref name="lbs" />.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌

Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-25T13:25:12Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process<ref name="lbs" />.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌

<ref name="lbs">Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system''"]</ref>

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-25T13:24:26Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process<ref name="lbs" />.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

<ref name="lbs">Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation''"]</ref>
‌

Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-25T13:23:41Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* The ICT regulation */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process<ref name="lbs" />.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

<ref name="lbs">Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation''"]</ref>
‌

Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-25T13:22:25Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process. name="AA" />.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

<ref name="lbs">Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation''"]</ref>
‌

Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

Planning Methods - 3 Levels of Project Planning

2021-02-25T13:21:06Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* Critical Path Method (CPM) */

Planning methods is a key feature in Project Management and helps to create an overview and structure in projects<ref name="PP" />. Planning gives the Project Manager control over the amount of time spent on activities, particularly to improve efficiency for a better project schedule.
Depending on the specific tasks and their complexity, the planning can be done at 3 different levels:
*Network Planning
*Gantt Chart
*Cyclogram Planning

The 3 project planning methods differentiate in the number of dimensions and represent a sequence of activities (1 dimensional), duration of activities (2 dimensional) and location of activities (3 dimensional). The goal of all 3 planning methods is to show a path from the beginning to the end of the project, but the difference lies in how the path is visualized and planned. The first two planning methods are part of the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the last planning method is Location-Based Scheduling (LBS).

The following article gives an insight into how the 3 Planning Methods benefits Project Management and focus on similarities and differences between the methods depending on the project.

==Project Planning Methods==
===Critical Path Method (CPM)===
CPM is one of the most common project management scheduling techniques used since it was introduced in the late 1950s and it is based on mathematical calculations<ref name="lbs" />. The technique is an algorithm for resource utilization to schedule numerous project activities and through the use of Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), it is possible to identify the activities in a project.

The essential method for using CPM is to define the project scope by identifying all the activities that need to be executed for completing the project. You are then able to detect dependencies between the activities and estimating the duration that each activity will take to complete. This will help one to determine the critical path and distinguish activities that are critical to be completed on time and which can be delayed without making the project longer<ref name="CPM" />. The activities that have a direct effect on the completion date of the project is are part of the critical path.
A critical path diagram needs to be updated when the project progresses, so the duration prediction can be refined. There are several ways in order to that for instance, through the use of a Network diagram or a Gantt chart.

====Network Planning 1D====
[[File:Tasks.png|450x400px|thumb|right|'''Figure 1''': Example of a Network diagram (own figure)]]

Network planning is a CPM and a tool to develop project schedules. The method visualizes the importance to carry out tasks in a project in a particular order where one task must be completed before beginning a new one. The aim is to find the correct order and connection for the activities so that they can be carried out effectively. The Network diagram consists of a sequence of connected arrows and boxes to define the inter-relationship between the project activities. The boxes represent the activities and the arrows show the relationship among the activities and tell when a specific activity start and finish and how the dependency on the other activities fall within the specific activity<ref name="ND" />.

The diagram is useful for a quick rundown of the project activities and is functional at the beginning of projects to visualize the tasks included in the project. Network diagrams have the advantages to show a logical relationship between activities and identify the critical path. The disadvantage is that when the project becomes too detailed, you cannot settle for an analogue diagram like this, as it only shows the order of activities and thus has only 1 dimension. Network diagrams are not suitable for linear scheduling and repetitive activity projects<ref name="Con" />.

====Gantt Chart 2D====
[[File:Gantt.png|450x400px|thumb|right|'''Figure 2''': Example of a Gantt chart (own figure)]]

Another assumption in CPM is that it is possible to predict the duration of all activities. A Gannt Chart visualizes the duration of tasks against the progression of time and enables the manager of the project to<ref name="Prince" />:
* Determine the starting and end dates of the activities
* Establishing interactions of dependence between activities
* See what was to be accomplished at a certain point in the project schedule
* See if the strategy can be set back on track by remedial measures
As illustrated Gantt Chart is represented as a graphical bar graph and uses x-axis as time (months, weeks, days, or hours). The y-axis reflects the various activities in separate rows.'
Furthermore, the Project Manager can with a graphical representation as the Gantt Chart expose project and activity inefficiencies, so it is omitted from the project schedule. The Chart will also help to assess the effects on the project of delays and other non-critical activity that may require immediate execution.

The Gantt Chart is therefore a valuable 2-dimensional interactive project management tool for all forms of projects such as construction, software development, and other products and services<ref name="Gantt" />.

===Location-Based Scheduling (LBS)===
LBS is a resource-oriented planning approach where resources flow through the project is a key part of planning. CPM has been a dominant method of use, but the method has been criticized (particularly in construction projects) for not adequately supporting construction management during execution and for not providing a continuous and economic flow of resources<ref name="lbs" />.

LBS uses the Line-of-balance graphical presentation method, which is adapted for workflow planning and management that enables resources to conduct their work without interruptions caused by other resources operating in the same location as other activities. So LBS ads a geographical location to the activities of the project to define where and when the activities are to be carried out. This Line-of-balance graphical presentation is known as a flowline diagram or also known as a "Cyclogram".

====Cyclogram Planning 3D====
[[File:Cyclogram.png|450x400px|thumb|right|'''Figure 3''': Example of a Cyclogram (own figure)]]

Cyclogram planning is based on LBS and is a method where planning is depended on location. A Cyclogram, also called a flowline diagram, shows both when activity begins, the duration and the location. Here you need to understand where and when the activities need to be carried out and are particularly useful in the construction industry when building constructions.

Cyclogram provides a graphical overview of the project schedule, which helps in achieving an efficient flow of activities. You can adjust the activities if you want a greater distance between them and thus create a more balanced and efficient project schedule. In addition, we can with a cyclogram assign resources to a given activity in question to ensure it is performed at the desired time.

The illustration shows the activities in the form of lines. The x-axis reflects the project timeline and the y-axis reflects the project physical locations. The activities and their course are interpreted as lines, where the slope reflects the work intensity at which the activity is carried out.

If the activity forms a continuous straight line that is not broken, it indicates the workflow of the activity is uninterrupted. Crossing lines means that several activities take place in the same place at the same time, which is not ideal. The cyclogram visualized any imperfections so that you can easily adjust the project schedule as you desire. For greatest efficiency, the lines should be as close to each other as possible. If there is too much distance, it indicates that no work is being done in a specific location, which is inefficient and wasteful. This can be achieved by modifying the resources and the working speed to ensure that time is used efficiently.

Cyclogram is an improved planning tool but has its challenges such as new concepts and new approaches to scheduling, which can be difficult to implement. It is also more relevant for building projects and other location-based project and therefore hard to compare to planning tools like the Gantt Chart. Another difficulty identified is a lack of a coherent and standardized information system that will facilitate the use of LBS software<ref name="lbs" />.

==Application of the methods==
A Project is a temporary effort that requires a number of tasks to be completed in order to achieve the desired result. Network Planning, Gantt Chart and Cyclogram Planning are all tools to manage, visualize and aid the Project Manager with the project tasks to reach the desired result. Network Planning is useful in the early stages for a quick-glance view of the project and to determine the critical path. When the project activities become more detailed and duration is added to plan the start and finish of the project, the Gannt Chart can provide that extra dimension. Both Network Planning and Gantt Chart are tools that also can be applicated in Program or Portfolio Management. Program Management is the process of managing several related projects and therefore can have the same benefits from Network Planning or Gantt chart as just one project. Portfolio Management is a higher-level approach that orchestrates the potential value of many projects, where Network Planning or Gantt chart can be applied to visualize a roadmap to view all the projects in the portfolio and find synergy between projects just like tasks in Project Management<ref name="PPM" />.

====Similarities====
CPM and the LBS method focuses on two different things, but both methods demonstrate which activities are most necessary for the project to be completed on schedule, the effect of changes in the duration of tasks, and the activities that can be changed to speed up the process. They both strive to identify links between the activities and furthermore show the progress and what tasks have been carried out and what delays have repercussions for the project.

====Differences====
The fundamental difference between CPM and LBS is that the method of CPM is focused on the activities and their logical links to each other, while the method of LBS is based more on the resources and their flow through the project. LBS can show the resources which CPM lacks. The big difference is that CPM is activity-based, while LBS is resource-based. Instead of managing resource constraints, the CPM is designed to optimize project duration to ensure easy resource efficiency<ref name="LBSCPM" />. The methods limitations and advantages are most of all project depended especially since LBS is location orientated but is able to the same as CPM. CPM can yet become too complex to manage and maintain when activities are too detailed, where LBS still able to offer an understandable visual representation of the project activities.

==Annotated Bibliography==

Axelos (6th edition2017). ''Managing successful projects with prince2''.
* The book is a great tool for the Project Manager and describes the practical use of planning techniques and scheduling strategies to efficiently manage projects. Chapter 9 goes into detail with planning guidance and especially section 9.4 elaborates why a Gantt Chart is a useful scheduling technique.

BYG·DTU, Andersson, N., & Christensen, K. (2007). ''Location-based Scheduling. Vurdering af LBS-metodens anvendelse i byggeprojekter''.
* This report deals with Location-based Scheduling, a cyclogram based planning method that is especially useful for resource-based projects. It is based on current literature and empirical studies to determine the use of Location-Based Scheduling (LBS) in building projects.

Slate, A. ''Critical Path Method: A Project Management Essential''.
* This article describes why the Critical Path Method (CPM) is an essential method for Project Management and to use it. The article dives into how the critical path is identified and why it is so important to identify it.

Alamdar, S. (2013). ''Location Based Scheduling in the Form of Flow Line and its Comparison to CPM/Bar Chart Scheduling''.
* The main goal of this thesis is to examine differences between using Location Based Scheduling over CPM/Bar Chart Scheduling. It also elaborates on how LBS scheduling can work on small projects, which use to be CPM advantage.

==References==
<references>

<ref name="PP">Barron, M. & Barron, A., Watt A. ''8. Overview of Project Planning''. Opentextbc.ca. Published August 14, 2014. Accessed February 18, 2021.[https://opentextbc.ca/projectmanagement/chapter/chapter-8-overview-of-project-planning-project-management/"''Overview of Project Planning''"]</ref>

<ref name="lbs">BYG·DTU, Andersson, N., & Christensen, K. (2007). ''Location-based Scheduling. Vurdering af LBS-metodens anvendelse i byggeprojekter''. Technical University of Denmark (DTU). [https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/2934274/byg-r167.pdf"''Location-based Scheduling''"]</ref>

<ref name="CPM">Slate, A. ''Critical Path Method: A Project Management Essential''. Wrike.com. Published 2018. Accessed February 19, 2021. [https://www.wrike.com/blog/critical-path-is-easy-as-123/"''Critical Path Method''"]</ref>
‌
<ref name="ND">Verma, E. ''Network Diagram: An Important Tool for Effective Time Management''. Simplilearn.com. Published January 30, 2012. Accessed February 20, 2021. [https://www.simplilearn.com/network-diagram-as-an-effective-time-management-tool-rar224-article"''Network Diagram''"]</ref>
‌
<ref name="Con">Mubarak, S. (2010). ''Construction project sheduling and control''. New jersey: Jhon wiley and sons.</ref>

<ref name="Prince">Axelos (6th edition2017). ''Managing successful projects with prince2''. The Stationery Office Ltd. ProQuest Ebook Central [https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.proxy.findit.dtu.dk/lib/DTUDK/detail.action?docID=4863041"''Managing successful projects with prince2''"]</ref>

<ref name="Gantt">Gordon, J.''Gantt Chart - Definition. The Business Professor''. LLC. Published 2020. Accessed February 19, 2021. [https://thebusinessprofessor.com/lesson/gantt-chart-definition/"''Gantt Chart - Definintion''"]</ref>
‌
<ref name="LBSCPM">Alamdar, S. (2013). ''Location Based Scheduling in the Form of Flow Line and its Comparison to CPM/Bar Chart Scheduling''. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research. [http://i-rep.emu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11129/1508"''LBS compared to CPM''"]</ref>

<ref name="PPM">Project Portfolio Management. ''Project Portfolio: The Ultimate Guide to PPM - ProjectManager.com''. ProjectManager.com. Published February 22, 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. [https://www.projectmanager.com/project-portfolio-management"''Project Portfolio Management'"]</ref>

[[Category:Project Management]][[Category:Complexity]][[Category:Planning]]

ICT Agreement

2021-02-25T13:17:33Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process. name="AA" />.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌

Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-25T12:54:26Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* The ICT regulation */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process. name="AA" />.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

<ref name="AA">Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation''"]</ref>
‌

Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-25T12:51:00Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

<ref name="AA">Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation''"]</ref>
‌

Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-23T13:40:52Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌

Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/
‌This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-23T13:37:43Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌

Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-23T13:37:18Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌
Retsinformation. Retsinformation.dk. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://www.retsinformation.dk/notfound
‌It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

IKT-bekendtgørelsen. Bygst.dk. Published 2013. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://bygst.dk/byggeri/ikt/ikt-bekendtgoerelsen/This the Danish Building Authority is a real estate company and developer for the state and the universities
‌

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-23T12:52:42Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

1.
Aftale og kommunikation | Digitale Værktøjer | Molio. Molio. Published 2021. Accessed February 23, 2021. https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation
‌

https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2013/119/It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

https://www.byggerietsledelsescenter.dk/ikt-leder-tilmelding?gclid=CjwKCAiAsOmABhAwEiwAEBR0ZtPBKC4Dw4IOK87JcbZl0a-3a2YeTyUECCr8Bq5_KjaIfhy3lm1/
Danish Construction Management Center

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-23T11:57:18Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation/ Knowledge center for the Danish Industry

https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2013/119/It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

https://www.byggerietsledelsescenter.dk/ikt-leder-tilmelding?gclid=CjwKCAiAsOmABhAwEiwAEBR0ZtPBKC4Dw4IOK87JcbZl0a-3a2YeTyUECCr8Bq5_KjaIfhy3lm1/
Danish Construction Management Center

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

a104_dokumenthaandtering_2015-06-16_r1.pdf/this document describes how the actors should deliver the tasks

ICT Agreement

2021-02-23T11:52:36Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation/ Knowledge center for the Danish Industry

https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2013/119/It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

https://www.byggerietsledelsescenter.dk/ikt-leder-tilmelding?gclid=CjwKCAiAsOmABhAwEiwAEBR0ZtPBKC4Dw4IOK87JcbZl0a-3a2YeTyUECCr8Bq5_KjaIfhy3lm1/
Danish Construction Management Center

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

ICT Agreement

2021-02-23T11:52:06Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation/ Knowledge center for the Danish Industry

https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2013/119/It is a center for the danish common state legal information system

https://www.byggerietsledelsescenter.dk/ikt-leder-tilmelding?gclid=CjwKCAiAsOmABhAwEiwAEBR0ZtPBKC4Dw4IOK87JcbZl0a-3a2YeTyUECCr8Bq5_KjaIfhy3lm1/
Danish Construction Management Center

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af inf komm tekn i offentligt byggeri.pdf/This is the ICT regulation in Danish, which describes the overall requirements.

a305_ikt-projektroller_20151102.pdf/this the documents describe the role of the project manager, project coordinator, and project professions coordinator

ICT Agreement

2021-02-23T11:37:52Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=Annotated Bibliography=

=References=

https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation/ Knowledge center for the Danish Industry

https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2013/119/It is a center for the danish commen state legal information system

https://www.byggerietsledelsescenter.dk/ikt-leder-tilmelding?gclid=CjwKCAiAsOmABhAwEiwAEBR0ZtPBKC4Dw4IOK87JcbZl0a-3a2YeTyUECCr8Bq5_KjaIfhy3lm1/
Danish Construction Management Center

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

ICT Agreement

2021-02-20T12:27:37Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

=References=

https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation/ Knowledge center for the Danish Industry

https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2013/119/It is a center for the danish commen state legal information system

https://www.byggerietsledelsescenter.dk/ikt-leder-tilmelding?gclid=CjwKCAiAsOmABhAwEiwAEBR0ZtPBKC4Dw4IOK87JcbZl0a-3a2YeTyUECCr8Bq5_KjaIfhy3lm1/
Danish Construction Management Center

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T17:26:50Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* Annotated Bibliography */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==References==

https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation/ Knowledge center for the Danish Industry

https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2013/119/It is a center for the danish commen state legal information system

https://www.byggerietsledelsescenter.dk/ikt-leder-tilmelding?gclid=CjwKCAiAsOmABhAwEiwAEBR0ZtPBKC4Dw4IOK87JcbZl0a-3a2YeTyUECCr8Bq5_KjaIfhy3lm1/
Danish Construction Management Center

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T17:26:35Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation/ Knowledge center for the Danish Industry

https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2013/119/It is a center for the danish commen state legal information system

https://www.byggerietsledelsescenter.dk/ikt-leder-tilmelding?gclid=CjwKCAiAsOmABhAwEiwAEBR0ZtPBKC4Dw4IOK87JcbZl0a-3a2YeTyUECCr8Bq5_KjaIfhy3lm1/
Danish Construction Management Center

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).An article about ICT agreement in the Construction in kyambogo university Uganda

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T17:19:59Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation/ Knowledge center for the Danish Industry

https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2013/119/It is a center for the danish commen state legal information system

https://www.byggerietsledelsescenter.dk/ikt-leder-tilmelding?gclid=CjwKCAiAsOmABhAwEiwAEBR0ZtPBKC4Dw4IOK87JcbZl0a-3a2YeTyUECCr8Bq5_KjaIfhy3lm1

(Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011).

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T17:14:13Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikation

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T17:13:53Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

<ref name="PP">https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikationg/"''Knowledge center for the Danish construction industry''"]</ref>

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T17:11:21Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==
<ref name="MLI">Knowledge center for the Danish construction industry /"''https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikationg''"]</ref>

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T17:09:45Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* References */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==
<ref name="PP">Knowledge center for the Danish construction industry /"''https://molio.dk/produkter/digitale-vaerktojer/aftale-og-kommunikationg''"]</ref>

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T16:47:34Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* Limitations */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T16:46:48Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT process manual (A 402) */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:Collaboration process.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Limitations==

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

File:Collaboration process.PNG

2021-02-19T16:46:18Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani:

File:ICT agreement structure.PNG

2021-02-19T16:44:31Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: Abdullah Shams Turkmani uploaded a new version of "File:ICT agreement structure.PNG"

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T16:42:46Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT specifications (A 102) */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Limitations==

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T16:41:07Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT process manual (A 402) */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.
[[File:ICT agreement structure.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Limitations==

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T16:39:51Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT process manual (A 402) */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.[[File:ICT agreement structure.png|350px|thumb|right]]

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Limitations==

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

File:ICT agreement structure.PNG

2021-02-19T16:38:38Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani:

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T16:35:49Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* Operational */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

=ICT specifications (A 102)=

When all actors are agreed with the client about the construction process and use of the digital tool (ICT agreement) then they will use this ICT specification to define the scope of ICT services and create the optimal basis for the digital collaboration on the project for the benefit of all parties. This document is used for the digital part of the contractual basis between the client and the consultants etc. There are three models of ICT specifications, which can help the actors to specify the digital deliveries clearly for the benefit of the digital collaboration and well-defined data handling. This document is also consisting of instruction, a guide, and a collection of some examples to describe and show how the document should be used.

=ICT process manual (A 402)=
This process manual (A 402) is only supporting the digital collaboration and deliveries between the architectures, engineers, contractors, and suppliers. This document is used to elaborate on the individual point, where the actors will explain how they will manage the process, how they will communicate, and which kind of machines will be used, so every part has already known about it. This helps that will be no disagreements during the project between the actors and the actors can most effectively meet the requirements. The document can be easily updated if the number of participants changes in the form of collaboration as well as the system during the project process. When all these things are done, then the production process will begin. As sees below, this process manual has the same number of requirements as the ICT agreement describes and all these requirements must be completed. This ICT agreement is relevant when there are many actors involved in the project and the cost is over 5 million kroner.

=Barriers of ICT in Construction Industry=

The use of ICT agreement in the construction industry will give the best communication systems and technical decision support systems, but this digital tool is also expensive to invest, high cost of professionals to the employee, high cost of maintenance, high cost of software programs, high cost of training, system malfunction, virus attacks, technological barriers such as difficulty with the new technologies, etc (Mutesi and Kyakula, 2011). All these problems can increase the cost of the project for the client, which is not interesting.

==Limitations==

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T15:49:09Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT project roles */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Roles.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]
==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

==Limitations==

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

File:Roles.PNG

2021-02-19T15:48:07Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani:

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T15:47:10Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT project roles */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|500px|thumb|right|]]

==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

==Limitations==

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

File:Organization and role.PNG

2021-02-19T15:45:33Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: Abdullah Shams Turkmani uploaded a new version of "File:Organization and role.PNG"

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T15:44:16Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT project roles */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|350px|thumb|right|]]

==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

==Limitations==

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

File:Organization and role.PNG

2021-02-19T15:42:18Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani:

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T15:41:23Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT project roles */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections.

==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

==Limitations==

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

ICT Agreement

2021-02-19T15:38:01Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: /* ICT project roles */

=Abstract=

In the construction industry happens a lot of activities and these activities are interdepended and since the construction industry has been changed a lot and becomes more digitized, so it’s important to make a clear agreement between the different actors. In this context, the purpose of this article is to examine how a better contractual relationship can be created between the various actors through digitization. This article will consider the digital tool (ICT agreement) and will examine the possibilities. With the use of ICT agreements in the construction industry, the opportunities will become greater and greater within digital workflows that support the construction process throughout.
The purpose of using the ICT Agreement is to gather the separate agreement bases in one tool and use it as a management tool across interfaces and players in the construction industry. On this agreement basis, the ICT agreement will contribute to better control of the construction process. ICT stands for information and communication technology, the ICT regulation came into force in 2007, and much has happened since its inventions. There are several comprehensive documents that will cooperate with the ICT agreement. These documents are Description of Service (Building and Planning 2018), Organization and role, ICT-specification, and ICT process manual, which will support digital collaboration between designers. The following sections will define and describe the above documents in order.

=Background=

The idea with the ICT agreement was to have better control options in the early design phases, but gradually the focus has been on the role of the client and the contractors because the greatest values lie in the operation and maintenance of the building. Thereby, extensive work must be done in the construction industry to ensure a fundamental value of the building even after construction. This can be done using the digital tool (ICT Agreement), where all materials after execution will be passed to the operation and maintenance department. There are two kinds of ICT agreements in Denmark, (nr. 118) for public projects and (nr. 119) for general construction.

=The ICT regulation=

For buildings, the ICT regulation includes several requirements for the use of information and communication technology. The ICT regulation gives the client the opportunity to demand that the digital building objects be structured, classified, named, coded, etc. throughout the process. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the information and properties that are relevant to the subsequent operation and maintenance. The next section will describe and define these different requirements that the client/builder can apply during the building process.

==ICT coordination==
The ICT coordination will give the client an opportunity to monitor whether the client requirements described with the various parties are complied with and it’s the client’s responsibility to insert an ICT responsible already from the beginning of the construction process, as it is extremely important that the communication through the digital world will function as a whole. The client must ensure that there is a coordination of the total ICT-application between all parties throughout the construction case.
ICT coordination is about how the construction case should be organized and optimized, where the ICT use must be to the benefit of the individual participant for the construction case.
The scope of ICT coordination must be determined by the size and complexity of the task and the number of parties that are up to the client to decide.

==Handling digital construction objects==
It is the client who demands that digital building objects be structured throughout the construction case, classified, named, coded, and identified uniformly in a specified level of detail. In addition, the client must require that the building objects be provided with the necessary information and properties, which are relevant for operation and maintenance. Other than that, the client must ensure that guidelines for the handling of digital building objects are maintained throughout the construction case

==Digital communication and project web==
It is the client who must demand a system for digital communication and the archive of relevant information during the construction case. In addition, the client must ensure, that a plan is prepared, and who or which part should update the system and what kind of information are available, and at what time. And a clear agreement, that the system is equipped with access control and log, and which file formats will be used, and which metadata will be associated with the individual file types.

==Application of digital building models==

For project competitions, the client in the competition program must require that the building models, level of information in relation to architectural, functional, and technical conditions is set out in more detail specific level of information. In the project competition, the client must also require, which kind of program the parties will use throughout the building process, and how the partner will structure them, and how the object-based building models will be submitted. All these requirements are depending on the character and complexity of the building.

==Digital tender==
The client must require that for invitations to tender for construction works digital invitations to tender and bids are applied. Tender materials must be structured in such a way that they must be easy and available through the use of the construction case, and thus to the relevant extent and the documents can be used digitally by the bidders in conjunction with their submission of a bid. And the client must also, ensure that the bill of quantities is included in the tender document and is relevant for each contract as well as the models are available to the bidder in IFC format. The documents must show an exact calculate of quantities and measurement.

==Digital delivery of the building==
The client and the operator must require about the digital delivery of the construction, and what information is relevant to be delivered. Information to be submitted for the operation and maintenance department is, documentation of the construction works, construction projects, operation, and maintenance plan, and how to manage the property in the future, moreover, the client must also ensure, that digital delivery of the construction project includes the agreements of advisers, contractors, and suppliers.

==Digital information about identified shortcomings==

The client must ensure that the digital information concerning the defect will be handled digitally. It must follow the structure of the building case's objects in building modeling that belongs to the classification. In addition, a procedure will be performed for the inspection, where the information concerning defect is included as an independent professional model in the object-based building model.

----

=Description of Service: Building and planning 2018=

The service description (building and planning 2018) is used as a basic agreement on consultancy in connection with construction and landscape project. This service description is designed with a view to defining the roles and distribution between client and consultants and between the individual consultants to have a clear agreement and the service description describes especially the responsibility of the project consultants/adviser, project manager, project management, and the professional supervision tasks and also determines the consultant's responsibility, how to coordinate the collaboration with the contractors after entering into an agreement with them. This service description will contribute in collaboration with the ICT agreement to have better control of the construction process to reduce the challenges, which will arise during and after the building process between the various actors. Finally, this collaboration will help to deliverer a successful project to the client.

=ICT project roles=
The ICT project roles (a305) are developed by the bips. The purpose of this publication is to achieve a better value with digital collaboration and a common understanding of the project roles and project organization to ensure a successful project’s digital implantation. The publication defined a common condition and describes the roles that are in an ICT collaboration and it provides the opportunity to distribute responsibilities and tasks that, the involved roles must-have during the process. This publication is used by the companies such as architect, engineers and especially the client. Their roles will be described in the following sections. [[File:Organization and role.PNG|235px|thumb|right|]]

==Strategic==
The ICT-manager has the overall digital responsibility for the implementation of the project. The responsibility of the ICT manager is clarified in the service description for building and planning 2018 as well. The manager can delegate the responsibilities to project coordinators if the manager can feel more pressured during the process. The manager's overall responsibility is to ensure that the intended value will be submitted by the digital process. Some of these responsibilities are:
Responsible for implementing the project’s ICT specification and ensure that all parts are doing it.
Responsible that the ICT technical specification is performed, approved, and used in the implementation of the construction process.
Responsible for describing the digital material including classification and identification.

==Tactic==
The ICT project coordinator is the tactical person during the construction process. The project coordinator's overall responsibility is to coordinate the digital process across the organization. The coordinator handles quality assurance, coordination, dissemination of guidelines, etc. The coordinator works closely with the ICT project manager and professioncoordinator. Some of the project coordinators responsibilities are:

*Responsible for the establishment, administration, and dissemination of project web and document management.
*Responsible for holding and coordinating interdisciplinary coordination meetings in connection with digital collaboration.
*Responsible for a process for quantity extraction for calculations and quotation lists.

==Operational==
The professioncoordinator has the responsibility to coordinate the subject’s digital implementation of the construction process. The professioncoordinator works closely with the project coordinator. Here are some of the responsibilities
*Dissemination of the project's digital deliveries within its own subject.
*Coordination of the digital processes within own subject. And to ensure that the subject's deliveries are in line with the project's ICT specifications.
*Ensure the subject's digital production of drawings and models.

==Limitations==

==Annotated Bibliography==

==References==

File:1.PNG

2021-02-19T15:23:24Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: Abdullah Shams Turkmani uploaded a new version of "File:1.PNG": Reverted to version as of 15:14, 19 February 2021

File:1.PNG

2021-02-19T15:22:09Z

Abdullah Shams Turkmani: Abdullah Shams Turkmani uploaded a new version of "File:1.PNG"