View source for Front-end Sustainability: Initiating the right sustainable projects

''Developed by Kristine Fisker''

Projects, programs and portfolios shape our society and world permanently, by shaping the impact of the products, buildings, infrastructure and systems designed within them. One of the most critical questions for project management going forward will be how to aid in tackling the large, complex, and interlinked sustainability challenges that need to be solved for societies worldwide to survive and prosper<ref name=Konstantinou2021> Konstantinou, Efrosyni, Jenny McArthur, Rob Leslie-Carter, and Vedran Zerjav, 2021. ''Climate Change and the Evolution of the Project Management Profession'', Project Management Institute. (https://www.projectmanagement.com/contentPages/video.cfm?ID=736527&thisPageURL=/videos/736527/climate-change-and-the-evolution-of-the-project-management-profession#_=_)</ref>. 

The 'Fuzzy' Front-End, when a project is conceptualized and defined, is the stage which is most critical in determining the impact of a project, yet the Front-End of Eco-Innovation has received little attention by the field of project management <ref name=Bocken2014> Bocken, N. M. P., M. Farracho, R. Bosworth, and R. Kemp, 2014. ''The Front-End of Eco-Innovation for Eco-Innovative Small and Medium Sized Companies'', Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 31:43–57. Available at: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/245338/The-front-end-of-eco-innovation_final__open-access.pdf?sequence=1 )</ref> <ref name=Sherwin2017> Sherwin, Chris, 2017. ''The Fuzzy Front-End of Sustainability'', Edie. (https://www.edie.net/the-fuzzy-front-end-of-sustainability/) )</ref>. This article will describe how project, program and portfolio managers can achieve effective sustainable impact and increase resilience and opportunity creation for their organizations by increasing sustainability focus in the fuzzy front end.

==Why implement a sustainability focus in the front-end?==
[[File:FuzzyFrontEnd_InfluenceCostInfo.png|400px|thumb|right|Figure 1: Influence, cost of changes, and information during the innovation process <ref name=Joao2015> Figueiredo, João, N. Correia, I. Ruivo, and J. L. Alves. 2015. “A Cross-Functional Approach for the Fuzzy Front End: Highlights From a Conceptual Project.” in International Conference on Engineering Design ICED15. Milan, Italy. (https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-CROSS-FUNCTIONAL-APPROACH-FOR-THE-FUZZY-FRONT-A-Figueiredo-Correia/717996dc452bfc56468287064373c468d8de282b)</ref>]]

The 'Fuzzy' Front-End is the most uncertain, challenging part of projects, while at the same time being the part of the project that has the largest influence on final project effectiveness (see Figure 1).
"For companies to achieve true sustainability as opposed to a lower level of sustainability, considerations for sustainability have to be incorporated in early stages of the innovation process"<ref name=Bocken2014/>.

"Sustainability managers spend much of their time correcting the impacts of todays’ products, services and business models. If companies redirected just 10% of their sustainability budget – beyond compliance, reporting, operations, supply chain, communications, etc – to fuzzy front-end innovation, they could effectively ‘design-out’ sustainability problems from their future portfolio AND align sustainability to an opportunity and growth agenda from the outset." 

"The ability to ‘eco-innovate’ may become increasingly important under growing global pressures (see e.g., Royal Society, 2012), and may become a new source of competitive advantage. Hence, mastering the FEEI would be a key to business success and longevity. The tools required for this can perhaps be mastered more easily in big, resourceful companies, but larger companies may have difficulties in allowing the eco-innovation process to be open, informal and creative, aspects which contributed positively to the success of novel eco- innovations." (<ref name=Bocken2014> Bocken, N. M. P., M. Farracho, R. Bosworth, and R. Kemp. 2014. “The Front-End of Eco-Innovation for Eco-Innovative Small and Medium Sized Companies.” Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 31:43–57. </ref>)

As sustainability is a new lense to view projects through, it requires rethinking... Move from reactive to pro-active.

Management of meaningful sustainability projects, programs and portfolios can be especially complex, as the scope is beyond what a single organization, government or individual can solve alone. How to tackle this, will be described below, informed by a review of literature on the topic and structured with an offset in the advice in the article 'The fuzzy front-end of sustainability' by Chris Sherwin <ref name=Sherwin2017/>.

==How to do it==

===0. Unfuzz the fuzzy front-end===
Because the fuzzy front-end is a highly insecure stage, there is an understandable tendency in organizations to go with a preconcieved idea of the technological solution to the problem, based on major assumptions, in order to define the project and make it manageable <ref name=Morris2017> Morris, Peter W. G. 2017. Climate Change and What the Project Management Profession Should Be Doing about It - a UK Perspective. APM, UCL.</ref> <ref name=Olsson2006> Olsson, Nils O. E., and Knut Samset. 2006. “Front-End Project Management, Flexibility, and Project Success.” in PMI® Research Conference: New Directions in Project Management, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute.</ref> <ref name=Bocken2014/>. This can be problematic however <ref name=Cross2000> Cross, Nigel. 2000. Engineering Design Methods: Strategies for Product Design. 4th ed. John Wiley And Sons Ltd.</ref>, especially in a sustainability context <ref name=Olsson2006/>, as the first assumed solution often is not ideal in terms of appropriateness or impact. 

Picture this: a building department of a company basing all their sustainability projects on building buildings with the highest sustainability certification, but never considering which buildings they could avoid building based on increased digitization of work and optimizing the utilization of current space. Or a public procurement unit making calls for tenders calling for the most sustainable surgical scissor, rather than...
A manager of a company having an idea for a sustainable product that there is no need for.

The foundation of initiating the right sustainable projects, is to recognize that the fuzzy front-end can in fact be managed, through design competencies and methodology, without falling into the assumption trap of defining the solution too narrowly before exploration. It is suggested that companies could prevent many down-stream sustainability issues from arising by reallocating just 10% of their sustainability budget towards front-end innovation, which could effectively 'design out' sustainability problems from their future portfolio.

This would involve integrating sustainability into the company's growth and opportunity agenda from the outset, going beyond compliance, reporting, operations, and supply chain management. By doing so, companies can design their products, services, and business models with sustainability in mind, effectively 'designing-out' potential sustainability problems from their future portfolio.

As described in the wiki-article [http://wiki.doing-projects.org/index.php/Fuzzy_Front_End_Management Fuzzy Front End Management], the front-end process can be divided into the phases: 1) search, 2) select, 3) implement, 4) capture value.

===1. Move from reactive to pro-active front-end sustainability strategy===
"we concluded that there are three shifts that
characterise the integration of sustainability and project management. Considering
sustainability implies, firstly, a shift of scope in the management of projects:
from managing time, budget and quality, to managing social, environmental, and
economic impact. Secondly, it implies a shift of paradigm of project management:
from an approach that can be characterised by predictability and controllability, to
an approach that is characterised by flexibility, complexity and opportunity. And
thirdly, considering sustainability implies a mind shift for the project manager: from
delivering requested results, to taking responsibility for sustainable development in
organisations and society."

Purpose driven.

Competencies: Design or design engineers. "Designers’ ability to visualize everything from conversations to challenges and ideas is valuable in creating a common language and establishing a shared understanding."

SDGs
"By developing and delivering solutions for the
achievement of the SDGs, companies will discover
new growth opportunities and lower their
risk profiles. Companies can use the SDGs
as an overarching framework to shape, steer,
communicate and report their strategies, goals
and activities, allowing them to capitalize on a
range of benefits."

"Global efforts by governments and others to deliver
the SDGs will further strengthen financial value
drivers of corporate sustainability, including:
– The introduction of taxes, fines and other pricing
mechanisms to make current externalities
become internalized to the business."

===2. Create conditions for explorative front-end innovation===
Front-End 'Delivery' Unit
The Front-End Innovation Unit

Hunter gathering

Future forecasting

Team makeup


===3. Open up to external collaborative innovation===
LFA Logical Framework

Mission-Oriented Innovation and Open Innovation

OECD Mission Action Lab.
Danish Design Center

Developing a Mission-driven Portfolio for Systemic Impact

The Mission Playbook by Danish Design Center.
For ambitious, longterm impact across organisations.
"mission managers who focus on achieving a long-term vision of change for a wide range of stakeholders instead of internal organizational development." <ref name=Bason2023/>

====Creating impact====
(insert impact model)

"Creating impact means allowing room for the uncertainty that is an inevitable
part of long-term missions.
To create impact, we think less in single activities and more in portfolios. We
must consider how to involve a wider field – for instance defined by a policy
or market domain – to take part in achieving a concrete, measurable change.
And most importantly, we must also set up mechanisms that facilitate a con-
stant flow of learning from the activities we put in place, and have a manage-
ment process in place that acts on these insights."

"Missions call for a structure that balances stability and agility – predictabil-
ity and unpredictability. That means creating a governance structure for the
mission work that leaves room for changing the project portfolio and the ac-
tor landscape as the mission progresses.
The foundation for making decisions like that is to build in loops of learning at
the heart of the mission in order to constantly react and adapt to new learn-
ings from both within and outside the mission ecosystem.
This means, the task is not “just” to build the solution, but to create the sys-
tem around the solution that makes its achievement possible. Value creation,
then, becomes a task of working towards committing people to the mission
in order to stimulate several smaller innovations that point in the same direc-
tion rather than chasing the next big bang."

"This roadmap outlined not only
project proposals, but “infrastructure” activities such as communication,
new partnerships and investments in new tools and capabilities. Underpin-
ning this we created a systematic learning mechanism - a process of on-go-
ing portfolio assessment and adjustment. This mechanism turned out to be
crucial in our management of the evolution of this mission."



28 organisations are a part of Danish Design Centers' X-lab network of innovation leaders <ref name=Bason2023> Bason, Christian. 2023. “Embracing a New Leadership Role for the Future: Mission Managers.” Danish Design Center. Retrieved May 3, 2023 (https://ddc.dk/mission-managers/) </ref>.

Open Innovation: Going beyond the individual organization

"Individual organizations must be part of the solution, but they cannot be addressed within the organization alone or solved independently in other organizations." "The key to solving complex, systemic, long-term problems across sectors and levels is to address them together." <ref name=Bason2023/>


===The Sustainable Innovation Early Phase Model===
Tool <ref name=Stock2017> Stock, Tim, Michael Obenaus, Amara Slaymaker, and Günther Seliger, 2017. ''A Model for the Development of Sustainable Innovations for the Early Phase of the Innovation Process'', Procedia Manufacturing 8:215–22. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351978917300331?via%3Dihub </ref>


== References ==
<references />