View source for Gantt chart and Scheduling techniques

==Abstract==
The scheduling techniques that are going to be explained in this article are Gantt and CPM - hereby Network Diagram
- have they works
- have to use them in practice
- have they are connected and supplement each other<br>
Goal: to simplify the different scheduling techniques, how to use them and connecting them to each other
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''Abstract is not done''

==Project Time Management==
[[File:Scheduling.png|400px|thumb|Figure 1: Scheduling overview. Received from: <ref name="pmbok">Guide, A., 2008. Project management body of knowledge (pmbok® guide). In Project Management Institute. </ref>]]

Project Time Management provides the processes that are required in a project with timely completion. The Project Time Management includes six processes which are described below <ref name="pmbok"/>:
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'''1. Define Activities''' - Identify the activities and actions to be preformed to produce the deliverables of the project.
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'''2. Sequence Activities''' - Identify and document the connections between the activities in the project.
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'''3. Estimate Activity Resources''' - 
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'''4. Estimate Activity Durations''' -
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'''5. Develop Schedule''' - 
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'''6. Control Schedule''' - 
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===Scheduling===
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A plan can only show the practicability of accomplishing its objectives when the actions and activities in the plan are put together in a schedule that illustrates when each action or activity will be carried out.
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Today there is many different methods and approaches to scheduling. It can either be by computer-based planning tools or done manually <ref>Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2. (2017). Managing Successful Projects With Prince2. The Stationery Office Ltd.</ref>. 
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The scheduling method dictates the procedures and rules for the scheduling process in the project. Tools like Gantt chart and Critical Path Method (CPM) are tools often used in the planning process of a project. 
By combining the scheduling tool or method and using the outputs from the processes in the Project Time Management; define activities, sequence activities, estimate activity resources, and estimate activity, the project schedule can be produced. Figure 1 describes how the scheduling methodology, scheduling tool, and outputs are interacting with each other and in the end creates the project schedule. <ref name="pmbok"/> 
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==Gantt chart==
===What is a Gantt chart?===
Gantt chart is the oldest form of a formal scheduling tool. The Gantt chart was developed in the 1910s by Henry Gantt, and today used widely as a scheduling tool in projects. <ref>DuBrin, A. J. (2011). Essentials of management. Cengage Learning.</ref>
====Definition====
<span style="text-align: left; color: #699EB4">
''"A graphic display of schedule-related information. In the typical bar chart, schedule activities or work breakdown structure components are listed down the left side of the chart, dates are shown across the top, and activity durations are shown as date-placed horizontal bars."''</span>. <ref name="pmbok"/>

===When and why use Gantt chart?===

Assess how long a plan should take, lay out the order in which tasks need to bed carried out 
Manage the dependencies between tasks 
See what should have been achieved at a certain point in the time
See how remedial action may bring the plan back on course 

===How to create a Gantt chart?===
Developing a Gantt chart takes some steps. In the scoping phase determines the level of details and the activities identifies in the project.<ref name="Milosevic"/> There are many ways to create a Gantt chart and in the end, it depends on the project and the working style. In the table below are some general steps to developing a Gantt chart described. 

{{#ev:youtube|https://youtu.be/Cv6C2GH53aE|405|right|How to create a Gantt chart. Received from: [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]|frame}}

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="6" style="text-align: left; color: #699EB4;" | Creating a Gantt chart  step by step
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'''Step 1 - Creating the axes:''' Create a sheet with vertical and horizontal axes. The vertical axis represents the activities, and the horizontal axis represents the timescale. To make the Gantt chart more clear and get and an idea of the total time that needs for each activity, adding the calendar time in timescale is a good idea, see figure 1. <ref name="Milosevic">Milosevic, D. Z., & Martinelli, R. J. (2016). Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley & Sons. [[https://books.google.dk/books?id=_dFHC2f3ZEgC&lpg=PA176&dq=gantt%20chart&pg=PA173#v=onepage&q=gantt&f=false]]</ref>
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'''Step 2 - Creating the bars:''' Create bars representing each activity. The length of the bars should be proportional to the duration time. 
If there are multiple activities it is a good idea to create a summary or hammock activity, see figure 1. By using hammock activities the project can be summarized in fewer activities, which gives a better overview of the project, but in the same time, you can still go into the level of detail with the activity group in the hammock. The bar of the hammock activity begins when the earliest activity in the group starts and end when the latest activity in the group ends, see figure 2. <ref name="Milosevic"/> 
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[[File:Gantt_new.png|thumb|none|630px|Figure 2: How to create a Gantt chart. Reproduced from: [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]]]
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'''Step 3 - Revise til Gantt chart:''' Have a look at the Gantt chart again. Are all the important activities there and are they logically placed in the chart? What about the timescale? Are the durations reasonable? Make the necessary changes in the chart.  <ref name="Milosevic"/> 
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==Critical path method (CPM)==
===What is the Critical path method===
Develop in the 1950s by Morgan R. Walker and James E. Kelley. CPM is very similar to PERT(Program evaluation and review techniques), but represent information in a different way.   

====Definition====
<span style="text-align: left; color: #699EB4">
''"A schedule network analysis technique used to determine the amount of scheduling flexibility (the amount of float) on various logical network paths in the project schedule network, and to determine the minimum total project duration. Early start and finish dates are calculated by means of a forward pass, using a specified start date. Late start and finish dates are calculated by means of a backward pass, starting from a specified completion date, which sometimes is the project early finish date determined during the forward pass calculation.”''</span> <ref name="pmbok"/>

===CPM vs. PERT===
What is the difference between CPM and PERT?

===How to create the Critical path method===
[[File:CPM.png|400px|thumb|caption]]

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="6" style="text-align: left; color: #699EB4;" | Creating a Gantt chart  step by step
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'''Step 1 - Specify each activity:''' All activities need to be specified. The activities are usually drawend from the work breakdown structure.
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'''Step 2 - Sequence the activities:''' The understanding of the dependencies of the activities is important when creating a critical path method. Therefore you should make a table describing which activities are affecting which.
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'''Step 3 -  Creating a Network Diagram:'''
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Dummi activities 
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[[File:Network_Diagram.png|400px|thumb|caption]]
'''Step 4 -  Estimate activity durations:'''
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'''Step 5 -  Identyfy the critical path:'''
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'''Step 6 - Use and update:'''
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===Constructing a Network Diagram===

{| class=wikitable
!colspan="6"| Checklist when creating a Network Diagram 
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|rowspan="2"| 1. <br> 2.
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==The Importance of the Gantt Chart and the Critical Path for Project Management==

===How to connect Gantt chart and CPM===

===Pros and cons===
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| Gantt chart <ref> Craig Borysowich,  Feb 2, 2008, Pros & Cons of Gantt Charts. [[http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/enterprise-solutions/pros-cons-of-gantt-charts-22233 Available online]]  </ref>
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*An easy way to schedule all tasks and track them in the project progress next to the deadline(s)
*Strong visual communication and scheduling tool
*Readable for the stakeholders.
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*Doesnot show the dependency of the tasks to each other
*Does not show which tasks are ‘critical’ to finish the project on time.
*Constant updates of the chart
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| CPM  <ref name="pert/cpm"> Craig Borysowich,  Feb 2, 2008, Pros & Cons of PERT/CPM. [[http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/enterprise-solutions/pros-cons-of-the-pertcpm-method-22221]Available online]  </ref>
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*Identifying critical activities 
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*more...
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==References==
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