View source for Dealing with conflicts (sources, escalation, containment)

=Definition of Conflict=

*Conflict is an escalation of a disagreement, and is characterized by the existence of conflict behavior, in which people inolved are actively trying to damage one another. 
(Nicholson, 1992)
*An interactive process manifested in incompatibility, disagreement or dissonance within or between social entities. (Rahim, 2010)

=Perspectives on Conflicts=


{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; height: 200px;"
! style="text-align:left;"| '''Unitary view - conflicts are  bad'''
! style="text-align:left;"| '''Pluralist view - conflicts can be constructive if managed'''
|-
|style=" text-align:center;" |Conflicts are negative and destructive
|style=" text-align:center;" |Controversy is a natural and constructive phenomena
|-
|style=" text-align:center;" |The organization is a team where the members are expected to work towards a common goal
|style=" text-align:center;" |Organizations consist of different stakeholders who have different values, views, stories and goals
|-
|style=" text-align:center;" |The common goal is defined by the management
|style=" text-align:center;" |Conflicts emerge as a consequence of colliding differences (controversies) that are not dealt with
|-
|style=" text-align:center;" |Rational behavior is expected and is defined in accordance with company policy
|style=" text-align:center;" |
|}

=Types of Conflicts=
==Instrumental==

Tangible issues like methods, procedures and semantics. 

Approach: Problem solving to find the "best" solution

==Interests==

Allocation of resources like time, money, labor and space

Approach: Negotiation to find an agreement - enlarge the cake

==Values==

Political, moral and religious values

Approach: Dialogue to reach mutual understanding

==Personal==

Identity, self-esteem, loyalty, rejection etc. 

Approach: Dialogue to reach mutual understanding 

==Examples of Sources of Conflicts in Projects==

[[File:Types-of-conflicts.JPG|frameless|center|600x240px]]

=When Controversy becomes Conflict=

[[File:Controversy.JPG|frameless|center|895x385px]]

=Balancing Conflicts and Controversies in Groups=

[[File:Balancing-controversies.JPG|frameless|center|620x455px]]

'''Source:'''

Huczynski & Buchanan (2011), Hatch (1997, p.305); Robbins (1998, p.464)