Project based organisations - Revision history

Josst: /* Project, program and portfolio management theory in the PBO domain */

2023-05-08T22:00:38Z

Project, program and portfolio management theory in the PBO domain

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	[[File:Organizational levels.jpg\|400px]]		[[File:Organizational levels.jpg\|400px]]

	Figure 4: Levels of activties in PBO's; Organizational level (green) and project level (purple) (Created by J. Steinfurth, inspired by <ref name="PMI_organisational_chart"/>		Figure 4: Levels of activties in PBO's; Organizational level (green) and project level (purple) (Created by J. Steinfurth, inspired by <ref name="PMI_organisational_chart"/>

Josst: /* Project, program and portfolio management theory in the PBO domain */

2023-05-08T22:00:29Z

Project, program and portfolio management theory in the PBO domain

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	It has now been established that project, program and portfolio management is important for organizational success in PBO's.		It has now been established that project, program and portfolio management is important for organizational success in PBO's.

	[[File:Organizational levels.jpg\|400px]] Figure 4: Levels of activties in PBO's; Organizational level (green) and project level (purple) (Created by J. Steinfurth, inspired by <ref name="PMI_organisational_chart"/>		[[File:Organizational levels.jpg\|400px]]
			Figure 4: Levels of activties in PBO's; Organizational level (green) and project level (purple) (Created by J. Steinfurth, inspired by <ref name="PMI_organisational_chart"/>

	== Application ==		== Application ==

Josst: /* The PBO in theory and practice */

2023-05-08T22:00:15Z

The PBO in theory and practice

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	[[File:PBO as suborganization.jpg\|700px]]		[[File:PBO as suborganization.jpg\|700px]]

	Figure 3: Left; The PBO as a suborganization in a functional organization. Right; Project Led Organization (Created by J. Steinfurth)		Figure 3: Left; The PBO as a suborganization in a functional organization. Right; Project Led Organization (Created by J. Steinfurth)

Josst: /* The PBO in theory and practice */

2023-05-08T22:00:02Z

The PBO in theory and practice

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:00, 8 May 2023
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	The PBO can as mentioned also look different from organization to organization. The "pureness" of the PBO can be altered, to fit the organizational needs. In some industries it is possible to create more or less pure PBO's. The classic example is as mentioned the film industry. <ref name="Bakker"/> <ref name="Thiry_Deguire"/> However, a PBO can also exist within a functional organization as a sub organization as shown in figure 3. <ref name="Sydow"/> <ref name="Thiry_delivervalue"/> Lastly, the PBO can exist as a so called Project Led Organisation. This is the most common form of the PBO in practice. It has weakly linked functional units that run across the projects, helping to create coherence between the individual project in the organization, but keeping the main decision authority with the PM.<ref name="Thiry_Deguire"/> <ref name="DaviesHobday"/> <ref name="Sydow"/>This structure is shown in figure 3.		The PBO can as mentioned also look different from organization to organization. The "pureness" of the PBO can be altered, to fit the organizational needs. In some industries it is possible to create more or less pure PBO's. The classic example is as mentioned the film industry. <ref name="Bakker"/> <ref name="Thiry_Deguire"/> However, a PBO can also exist within a functional organization as a sub organization as shown in figure 3. <ref name="Sydow"/> <ref name="Thiry_delivervalue"/> Lastly, the PBO can exist as a so called Project Led Organisation. This is the most common form of the PBO in practice. It has weakly linked functional units that run across the projects, helping to create coherence between the individual project in the organization, but keeping the main decision authority with the PM.<ref name="Thiry_Deguire"/> <ref name="DaviesHobday"/> <ref name="Sydow"/>This structure is shown in figure 3.

	[[File:PBO as suborganization.jpg\|700px]] Figure 3: Left; The PBO as a suborganization in a functional organization. Right; Project Led Organization (Created by J. Steinfurth)		[[File:PBO as suborganization.jpg\|700px]]
			Figure 3: Left; The PBO as a suborganization in a functional organization. Right; Project Led Organization (Created by J. Steinfurth)

	Summing up, the PBO is a project driven business and therefore changes with its environment. It is capable of doing so because of its flexibility and the authority that lies with the PM, creating an open organizational structure and a proactive approach towards uncertainty and risk. The authority that lies with the PM is thus a positive characteristic of the PBO. However, with the authority follows a responsibility. Therefore good management, and especially good Project, Program and Portfolio management, is of vital importance for success in such organizations.		Summing up, the PBO is a project driven business and therefore changes with its environment. It is capable of doing so because of its flexibility and the authority that lies with the PM, creating an open organizational structure and a proactive approach towards uncertainty and risk. The authority that lies with the PM is thus a positive characteristic of the PBO. However, with the authority follows a responsibility. Therefore good management, and especially good Project, Program and Portfolio management, is of vital importance for success in such organizations.

Josst at 21:57, 8 May 2023

2023-05-08T21:57:43Z

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	''developed by Josefine Steinfurth''		''developed by Josefine Steinfurth''

	~~'''Summary'''~~

	This article presents the theory of project based organizations (PBO's). The Project Based Organization is an organizational structure that supports project driven businesses. The functional organization is presented as a comparison to the PBO in order to better understand the problems it solves. The PBO is a structure which is organized according to projects instead of functional units. This gives the project manager high authority and responsibility for the success of projects, making project, program and portfolio management highly important to practice competently. The advantages of the PBO are that they are work well in complex and dynamic environments with high uncertainty and risk. Additionally the PBO is advantageous when working across multiple organizations or with external clients. The article proceeds to present a suggestion for strategies to implement an PBO structure, suggesting to start on experimental one team basis. Then the main limitations within PBO's are presented. The key limitations are lack of knowledge sharing and organizational learning across multiple projects, as well as coherence throughout the organization and to senior management, creating problems with effectiveness and support. Lastly the article presents the limitations of application of the PBO structure. The main limitation when applying the theory of PBO's is that it requires a restructuring of an organization, which is a huge task. Furthermore, the theory behind the PBO that one needs to build the application upon, is complex and goes across several research domains. It is therefore a resource heavy theory to apply in practice.		This article presents the theory of project based organizations (PBO's). The Project Based Organization is an organizational structure that supports project driven businesses. The functional organization is presented as a comparison to the PBO in order to better understand the problems it solves. The PBO is a structure which is organized according to projects instead of functional units. This gives the project manager high authority and responsibility for the success of projects, making project, program and portfolio management highly important to practice competently. The advantages of the PBO are that they are work well in complex and dynamic environments with high uncertainty and risk. Additionally the PBO is advantageous when working across multiple organizations or with external clients. The article proceeds to present a suggestion for strategies to implement an PBO structure, suggesting to start on experimental one team basis. Then the main limitations within PBO's are presented. The key limitations are lack of knowledge sharing and organizational learning across multiple projects, as well as coherence throughout the organization and to senior management, creating problems with effectiveness and support. Lastly the article presents the limitations of application of the PBO structure. The main limitation when applying the theory of PBO's is that it requires a restructuring of an organization, which is a huge task. Furthermore, the theory behind the PBO that one needs to build the application upon, is complex and goes across several research domains. It is therefore a resource heavy theory to apply in practice.

Josst at 21:57, 8 May 2023

2023-05-08T21:57:28Z

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			''developed by Josefine Steinfurth''

	'''Summary'''		'''Summary'''

Josst: /* Annotated bibliography */

2023-05-08T21:56:04Z

Annotated bibliography

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	4) Thiry, M. (2007). Creating project-based organizations to deliver value. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2007—EMEA, Budapest, Hungary. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute		4) Thiry, M. (2007). Creating project-based organizations to deliver value. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2007—EMEA, Budapest, Hungary. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute

			5) Söderlund, J., Hobbs, B., Ahola, T., 2014. Project-based and temporary organizing: Reconnecting and rediscovering. Int. J. Proj. Manag. 32, 1085–1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.06.008

			This article is relevant for further reading, if interested in the relations between project management and the PBO more specifically how sharing of project management practices between projects can happen in a PBO. In this discussion the article focuses on the terms of effectiveness and efficiency in a process project management domain, and suggest that these are relevant to define to help create standards for project management across a PBO.

	In this article a further explanation of the role of the PMO in a project based organization can be found. The article is available through PMI's database, and presents several organizational governance models in the PBO context.		In this article a further explanation of the role of the PMO in a project based organization can be found. The article is available through PMI's database, and presents several organizational governance models in the PBO context.

Josst: /* Project, program and portfolio management theory in the PBO domain */

2023-05-08T21:46:13Z

Project, program and portfolio management theory in the PBO domain

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:46, 8 May 2023
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	PBO's operate in two distinct levels of activities; the organizational level and the project level. <ref name="Leiringer_Zhang"/> <ref name="Paradoxism"/> These levels are represented in figure 4; The strategy and business models are developed on the organizational level (green), and the activities at Project, Program and Portfolio levels should support that strategy (purple). <ref name="PMI_organisational_chart"/> This relationship between the organizational level and project level is further described in the PMI standard, where strategy implementation is one of the main activities of portfolio management and where defining program outputs that support organizational strategy is one of the main activities of program management. <ref name="PMI_organi_strategy"/>		PBO's operate in two distinct levels of activities; the organizational level and the project level. <ref name="Leiringer_Zhang"/> <ref name="Paradoxism"/> These levels are represented in figure 4; The strategy and business models are developed on the organizational level (green), and the activities at Project, Program and Portfolio levels should support that strategy (purple). <ref name="PMI_organisational_chart"/> This relationship between the organizational level and project level is further described in the PMI standard, where strategy implementation is one of the main activities of portfolio management and where defining program outputs that support organizational strategy is one of the main activities of program management. <ref name="PMI_organi_strategy"/>

	In the context of the PBO, the project manager becomes the link and enabler of the strategies developed on organizational level, to integrate them on project, program and portfolio level. This is illustrated as the arrows in figure 4. Researchers suggest that the PBO framework even enhances the effectiveness of project portfolio management, because of the authority of the PM. <ref name="Petro_Gardiner"/> <ref name="Sundqvist"> This shows the importance of both the PBO structure and PPPM and the reciprocal support which is found between the two levels, where one cannot succeed without the other. It also shows that PPPM practices are the tools that PM's utilize to support and drive the effectiveness and thus success of the projects, programs and portfolios within the PBO. <ref name="Thiry_delivervalue"/> <ref name="Petro_Gardiner"/>		In the context of the PBO, the project manager becomes the link and enabler of the strategies developed on organizational level, to integrate them on project, program and portfolio level. This is illustrated as the arrows in figure 4. Researchers suggest that the PBO framework even enhances the effectiveness of project portfolio management, because of the authority of the PM. <ref name="Petro_Gardiner"/> <ref name="Sundqvist"/> This shows the importance of both the PBO structure and PPPM and the reciprocal support which is found between the two levels, where one cannot succeed without the other. It also shows that PPPM practices are the tools that PM's utilize to support and drive the effectiveness and thus success of the projects, programs and portfolios within the PBO. <ref name="Thiry_delivervalue"/> <ref name="Petro_Gardiner"/>
	It has now been established that project, program and portfolio management is important for organizational success in PBO's.		It has now been established that project, program and portfolio management is important for organizational success in PBO's.

Josst: /* Project, program and portfolio management theory in the PBO domain */

2023-05-08T21:45:41Z

Project, program and portfolio management theory in the PBO domain

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:45, 8 May 2023
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	PBO's operate in two distinct levels of activities; the organizational level and the project level. <ref name="Leiringer_Zhang"/> <ref name="Paradoxism"/> These levels are represented in figure 4; The strategy and business models are developed on the organizational level (green), and the activities at Project, Program and Portfolio levels should support that strategy (purple). <ref name="PMI_organisational_chart"/> This relationship between the organizational level and project level is further described in the PMI standard, where strategy implementation is one of the main activities of portfolio management and where defining program outputs that support organizational strategy is one of the main activities of program management. <ref name="PMI_organi_strategy"/>		PBO's operate in two distinct levels of activities; the organizational level and the project level. <ref name="Leiringer_Zhang"/> <ref name="Paradoxism"/> These levels are represented in figure 4; The strategy and business models are developed on the organizational level (green), and the activities at Project, Program and Portfolio levels should support that strategy (purple). <ref name="PMI_organisational_chart"/> This relationship between the organizational level and project level is further described in the PMI standard, where strategy implementation is one of the main activities of portfolio management and where defining program outputs that support organizational strategy is one of the main activities of program management. <ref name="PMI_organi_strategy"/>

	In the context of the PBO, the project manager becomes the link and enabler of the strategies developed on organizational level, to integrate them on project, program and portfolio level. This is illustrated as the arrows in figure 4. ~~Petro and Gardiner, 2015~~ suggest that the PBO framework even enhances the effectiveness of project portfolio management, because of the authority of the PM. <ref name="Petro_Gardiner"/> This shows the importance of both the PBO structure and PPPM and the reciprocal support which is found between the two levels, where one cannot succeed without the other. It also shows that PPPM practices are the tools that PM's utilize to support and drive the effectiveness and thus success of the projects, programs and portfolios within the PBO. <ref name="Thiry_delivervalue"/> <ref name="Petro_Gardiner"/>		In the context of the PBO, the project manager becomes the link and enabler of the strategies developed on organizational level, to integrate them on project, program and portfolio level. This is illustrated as the arrows in figure 4. Researchers suggest that the PBO framework even enhances the effectiveness of project portfolio management, because of the authority of the PM. <ref name="Petro_Gardiner"/> <ref name="Sundqvist"> This shows the importance of both the PBO structure and PPPM and the reciprocal support which is found between the two levels, where one cannot succeed without the other. It also shows that PPPM practices are the tools that PM's utilize to support and drive the effectiveness and thus success of the projects, programs and portfolios within the PBO. <ref name="Thiry_delivervalue"/> <ref name="Petro_Gardiner"/>
	It has now been established that project, program and portfolio management is important for organizational success in PBO's.		It has now been established that project, program and portfolio management is important for organizational success in PBO's.

Josst: /* The PBO in theory and practice */

2023-05-08T21:43:17Z

The PBO in theory and practice

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:43, 8 May 2023
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	===The PBO in theory and practice===		===The PBO in theory and practice===

	According to the PMBOK Guide 2021 a project is "'' [...]a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.''"<ref name="PMBOK"/> The definition refers to uniqueness, and even though not all standards agree on this factor, it can still be concluded that projects are often different and need different types of structures to support them and to get the best results. Thus, because PBO's are driven by projects the organization can look very different both from organization to organization, but also from project to project within the PBO.		According to the PMBOK Guide 2021 a project is "'' [...]a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.''"<ref name="PMBOK"/> The definition refers to uniqueness, and even though not all standards agree on this factor, it can still be concluded that projects are often different and need different types of structures to support them and to get the best results. <ref name="Sundqvist"/> Thus, because PBO's are driven by projects the organization can look very different both from organization to organization, but also from project to project within the PBO.

	'''Project to project variance in the PBO'''		'''Project to project variance in the PBO'''