SWOT analysis - Revision history

Tkokotas at 11:28, 20 December 2018

2018-12-20T11:28:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:28, 20 December 2018
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	~~[[Category:Project Management]] [[Category:Program Management]] [[Category:Portfolio Management]] [[Category:Complexity]] [[Category:Human Behaviour]]~~		''Developed by Morten Lund''


	This article will discuss two different applications of SWOT analysis - the "conventional" and a variant called the TOWS Matrix, which utilises the inventory of SWOTs in a more systematic way than the conventional. The SWOT analysis is a tool that provides a basic framework for situation analysis. It generates lists or inventories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which can be used when generating strategies <ref name=enhanced>''[SWOT does not have to be recalled - it needs to be enhanced]'' ''http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2000/swot1.html'' </ref>. The SWOT-factors are universal which makes the analysis applicable in many organisational contexts, but is also applicable for personal use in e.g. career planing <ref name=community>[''Assessing Community Needs and Resources » Section 14. SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats''] ''http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/swot-analysis/main'' </ref> <ref name=mindtools>[''Using the TOWS Matrix Developing Strategic Options From an External-Internal Analysis''] ''http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_89.htm'' </ref> <ref name=simple>''[SWOT analysis (TOWS matrix) Made Simple]'' ''https://rapidbi.com/swotanalysis/'' </ref>. In project and program management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all phases of the life cycle in order to monitor and manage internal and external environments. In portfolio management the SWOT analysis can be used to identify new projects. There is no single guide or manual on how to perform a SWOT analysis - on the contrary many papers, books and articles have been issued describing, criticising and elaborating on the applications of the SWOT analysis <ref name=Methodology>[''Sepehr Ghazinoory , Mansoureh Abdi & Mandana Azadegan-Mehr (2011) Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12:1, 24-48, DOI: 10.3846/16111699.2011.555358''] ''http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.555358'' </ref> <ref name=Heinz/> <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall/>. The criticism is often based upon the fact that it has a simple structure and does therefore, in itself, not provide a rigorous framework that ensures reliable inputs to strategic planing. An analysis can thus, if not carefully conducted, consist of poorly structured inventories containing very general or vaguely formulated factors that are inconsistent and hard to verify <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall> [''Terry Hill and Roy Westbrook - SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall''] ''Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No.1, pp. 46 to 52, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd'' </ref>. These issues will be addressed with the aim of creating an awareness in the reader of the typical "pitfalls" when conducting a SWOT analysis or TOWS Matrix.		This article will discuss two different applications of SWOT analysis - the "conventional" and a variant called the TOWS Matrix, which utilises the inventory of SWOTs in a more systematic way than the conventional. The SWOT analysis is a tool that provides a basic framework for situation analysis. It generates lists or inventories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which can be used when generating strategies <ref name=enhanced>''[SWOT does not have to be recalled - it needs to be enhanced]'' ''http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2000/swot1.html'' </ref>. The SWOT-factors are universal which makes the analysis applicable in many organisational contexts, but is also applicable for personal use in e.g. career planing <ref name=community>[''Assessing Community Needs and Resources » Section 14. SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats''] ''http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/swot-analysis/main'' </ref> <ref name=mindtools>[''Using the TOWS Matrix Developing Strategic Options From an External-Internal Analysis''] ''http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_89.htm'' </ref> <ref name=simple>''[SWOT analysis (TOWS matrix) Made Simple]'' ''https://rapidbi.com/swotanalysis/'' </ref>. In project and program management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all phases of the life cycle in order to monitor and manage internal and external environments. In portfolio management the SWOT analysis can be used to identify new projects. There is no single guide or manual on how to perform a SWOT analysis - on the contrary many papers, books and articles have been issued describing, criticising and elaborating on the applications of the SWOT analysis <ref name=Methodology>[''Sepehr Ghazinoory , Mansoureh Abdi & Mandana Azadegan-Mehr (2011) Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12:1, 24-48, DOI: 10.3846/16111699.2011.555358''] ''http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.555358'' </ref> <ref name=Heinz/> <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall/>. The criticism is often based upon the fact that it has a simple structure and does therefore, in itself, not provide a rigorous framework that ensures reliable inputs to strategic planing. An analysis can thus, if not carefully conducted, consist of poorly structured inventories containing very general or vaguely formulated factors that are inconsistent and hard to verify <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall> [''Terry Hill and Roy Westbrook - SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall''] ''Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No.1, pp. 46 to 52, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd'' </ref>. These issues will be addressed with the aim of creating an awareness in the reader of the typical "pitfalls" when conducting a SWOT analysis or TOWS Matrix.

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	= References =		= References =
	<references />		<references />

			[[Category:Project Management]] [[Category:Program Management]] [[Category:Portfolio Management]] [[Category:Complexity]] [[Category:Human Behaviour]]

Tkokotas at 19:50, 23 October 2018

2018-10-23T19:50:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:50, 23 October 2018
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	[[Category:Project Management]] [[Category:Program ~~management~~]] [[Category:Portfolio Management]] [[Category:Complexity]] [[Category:Human Behaviour]]		[[Category:Project Management]] [[Category:Program Management]] [[Category:Portfolio Management]] [[Category:Complexity]] [[Category:Human Behaviour]]
	This article will discuss two different applications of SWOT analysis - the "conventional" and a variant called the TOWS Matrix, which utilises the inventory of SWOTs in a more systematic way than the conventional. The SWOT analysis is a tool that provides a basic framework for situation analysis. It generates lists or inventories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which can be used when generating strategies <ref name=enhanced>''[SWOT does not have to be recalled - it needs to be enhanced]'' ''http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2000/swot1.html'' </ref>. The SWOT-factors are universal which makes the analysis applicable in many organisational contexts, but is also applicable for personal use in e.g. career planing <ref name=community>[''Assessing Community Needs and Resources » Section 14. SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats''] ''http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/swot-analysis/main'' </ref> <ref name=mindtools>[''Using the TOWS Matrix Developing Strategic Options From an External-Internal Analysis''] ''http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_89.htm'' </ref> <ref name=simple>''[SWOT analysis (TOWS matrix) Made Simple]'' ''https://rapidbi.com/swotanalysis/'' </ref>. In project and program management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all phases of the life cycle in order to monitor and manage internal and external environments. In portfolio management the SWOT analysis can be used to identify new projects. There is no single guide or manual on how to perform a SWOT analysis - on the contrary many papers, books and articles have been issued describing, criticising and elaborating on the applications of the SWOT analysis <ref name=Methodology>[''Sepehr Ghazinoory , Mansoureh Abdi & Mandana Azadegan-Mehr (2011) Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12:1, 24-48, DOI: 10.3846/16111699.2011.555358''] ''http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.555358'' </ref> <ref name=Heinz/> <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall/>. The criticism is often based upon the fact that it has a simple structure and does therefore, in itself, not provide a rigorous framework that ensures reliable inputs to strategic planing. An analysis can thus, if not carefully conducted, consist of poorly structured inventories containing very general or vaguely formulated factors that are inconsistent and hard to verify <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall> [''Terry Hill and Roy Westbrook - SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall''] ''Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No.1, pp. 46 to 52, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd'' </ref>. These issues will be addressed with the aim of creating an awareness in the reader of the typical "pitfalls" when conducting a SWOT analysis or TOWS Matrix.		This article will discuss two different applications of SWOT analysis - the "conventional" and a variant called the TOWS Matrix, which utilises the inventory of SWOTs in a more systematic way than the conventional. The SWOT analysis is a tool that provides a basic framework for situation analysis. It generates lists or inventories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which can be used when generating strategies <ref name=enhanced>''[SWOT does not have to be recalled - it needs to be enhanced]'' ''http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2000/swot1.html'' </ref>. The SWOT-factors are universal which makes the analysis applicable in many organisational contexts, but is also applicable for personal use in e.g. career planing <ref name=community>[''Assessing Community Needs and Resources » Section 14. SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats''] ''http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/swot-analysis/main'' </ref> <ref name=mindtools>[''Using the TOWS Matrix Developing Strategic Options From an External-Internal Analysis''] ''http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_89.htm'' </ref> <ref name=simple>''[SWOT analysis (TOWS matrix) Made Simple]'' ''https://rapidbi.com/swotanalysis/'' </ref>. In project and program management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all phases of the life cycle in order to monitor and manage internal and external environments. In portfolio management the SWOT analysis can be used to identify new projects. There is no single guide or manual on how to perform a SWOT analysis - on the contrary many papers, books and articles have been issued describing, criticising and elaborating on the applications of the SWOT analysis <ref name=Methodology>[''Sepehr Ghazinoory , Mansoureh Abdi & Mandana Azadegan-Mehr (2011) Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12:1, 24-48, DOI: 10.3846/16111699.2011.555358''] ''http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.555358'' </ref> <ref name=Heinz/> <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall/>. The criticism is often based upon the fact that it has a simple structure and does therefore, in itself, not provide a rigorous framework that ensures reliable inputs to strategic planing. An analysis can thus, if not carefully conducted, consist of poorly structured inventories containing very general or vaguely formulated factors that are inconsistent and hard to verify <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall> [''Terry Hill and Roy Westbrook - SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall''] ''Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No.1, pp. 46 to 52, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd'' </ref>. These issues will be addressed with the aim of creating an awareness in the reader of the typical "pitfalls" when conducting a SWOT analysis or TOWS Matrix.

Dunseiz at 23:01, 1 December 2014

2014-12-01T23:01:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:01, 1 December 2014
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	The inventories of internal and external factors can sometimes be extensive. Identifying the relationships between them can therefore be a complex process <ref name=Heinz/>. Figure 5 represents a model that can be used when doing so.		The inventories of internal and external factors can sometimes be extensive. Identifying the relationships between them can therefore be a complex process <ref name=Heinz/>. Figure 5 represents a model that can be used when doing so. The "+" indicates a match while the "o" indicates that there is no match.

	[[File:TOWS_organisation x.png]]		[[File:TOWS_organisation x.png]]

Dunseiz at 22:59, 1 December 2014

2014-12-01T22:59:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:59, 1 December 2014
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	[[Category:Project Management]] [[Category:Program management]] [[Category:Portfolio Management]] [[Category:Complexity]] [[Category:Human Behaviour]]		[[Category:Project Management]] [[Category:Program management]] [[Category:Portfolio Management]] [[Category:Complexity]] [[Category:Human Behaviour]]

	~~<ref>[''link/title''] ''Name of link'' </ref>~~

	This article will discuss two different applications of SWOT analysis - the "conventional" and a variant called the TOWS Matrix, which utilises the inventory of SWOTs in a more systematic way than the conventional. The SWOT analysis is a tool that provides a basic framework for situation analysis. It generates lists or inventories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which can be used when generating strategies <ref name=enhanced>''[SWOT does not have to be recalled - it needs to be enhanced]'' ''http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2000/swot1.html'' </ref>. The SWOT-factors are universal which makes the analysis applicable in many organisational contexts, but is also applicable for personal use in e.g. career planing <ref name=community>[''Assessing Community Needs and Resources » Section 14. SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats''] ''http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/swot-analysis/main'' </ref> <ref name=mindtools>[''Using the TOWS Matrix Developing Strategic Options From an External-Internal Analysis''] ''http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_89.htm'' </ref> <ref name=simple>''[SWOT analysis (TOWS matrix) Made Simple]'' ''https://rapidbi.com/swotanalysis/'' </ref>. In project and program management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all phases of the life cycle in order to monitor and manage internal and external environments. In portfolio management the SWOT analysis can be used to identify new projects. There is no single guide or manual on how to perform a SWOT analysis - on the contrary many papers, books and articles have been issued describing, criticising and elaborating on the applications of the SWOT analysis <ref name=Methodology>[''Sepehr Ghazinoory , Mansoureh Abdi & Mandana Azadegan-Mehr (2011) Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12:1, 24-48, DOI: 10.3846/16111699.2011.555358''] ''http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.555358'' </ref> <ref name=Heinz/> <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall/>. The criticism is often based upon the fact that it has a simple structure and does therefore, in itself, not provide a rigorous framework that ensures reliable inputs to strategic planing. An analysis can thus, if not carefully conducted, consist of poorly structured inventories containing very general or vaguely formulated factors that are inconsistent and hard to verify <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall> [''Terry Hill and Roy Westbrook - SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall''] ''Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No.1, pp. 46 to 52, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd'' </ref>. These issues will be addressed with the aim of creating an awareness in the reader of the typical "pitfalls" when conducting a SWOT analysis or TOWS Matrix.		This article will discuss two different applications of SWOT analysis - the "conventional" and a variant called the TOWS Matrix, which utilises the inventory of SWOTs in a more systematic way than the conventional. The SWOT analysis is a tool that provides a basic framework for situation analysis. It generates lists or inventories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which can be used when generating strategies <ref name=enhanced>''[SWOT does not have to be recalled - it needs to be enhanced]'' ''http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2000/swot1.html'' </ref>. The SWOT-factors are universal which makes the analysis applicable in many organisational contexts, but is also applicable for personal use in e.g. career planing <ref name=community>[''Assessing Community Needs and Resources » Section 14. SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats''] ''http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/swot-analysis/main'' </ref> <ref name=mindtools>[''Using the TOWS Matrix Developing Strategic Options From an External-Internal Analysis''] ''http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_89.htm'' </ref> <ref name=simple>''[SWOT analysis (TOWS matrix) Made Simple]'' ''https://rapidbi.com/swotanalysis/'' </ref>. In project and program management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all phases of the life cycle in order to monitor and manage internal and external environments. In portfolio management the SWOT analysis can be used to identify new projects. There is no single guide or manual on how to perform a SWOT analysis - on the contrary many papers, books and articles have been issued describing, criticising and elaborating on the applications of the SWOT analysis <ref name=Methodology>[''Sepehr Ghazinoory , Mansoureh Abdi & Mandana Azadegan-Mehr (2011) Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12:1, 24-48, DOI: 10.3846/16111699.2011.555358''] ''http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.555358'' </ref> <ref name=Heinz/> <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall/>. The criticism is often based upon the fact that it has a simple structure and does therefore, in itself, not provide a rigorous framework that ensures reliable inputs to strategic planing. An analysis can thus, if not carefully conducted, consist of poorly structured inventories containing very general or vaguely formulated factors that are inconsistent and hard to verify <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall> [''Terry Hill and Roy Westbrook - SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall''] ''Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No.1, pp. 46 to 52, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd'' </ref>. These issues will be addressed with the aim of creating an awareness in the reader of the typical "pitfalls" when conducting a SWOT analysis or TOWS Matrix.

Dunseiz at 22:58, 1 December 2014

2014-12-01T22:58:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:58, 1 December 2014
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	<ref>[''link/title''] ''Name of link'' </ref>		<ref>[''link/title''] ''Name of link'' </ref>

	This article will discuss two different applications of SWOT analysis - the "conventional" and a variant called the TOWS Matrix, which utilises the inventory of SWOTs in a more systematic way than the conventional. The SWOT analysis is a tool that provides a basic framework for situation analysis. It generates lists or inventories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which can be used when generating strategies <ref name=enhanced>''[SWOT does not have to be recalled - it needs to be enhanced]'' ''http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2000/swot1.html'' </ref>. The SWOT-factors are universal which makes the analysis applicable in many organisational contexts, but is also applicable for personal use in e.g. career planing <ref name=community>[''Assessing Community Needs and Resources » Section 14. SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats''] ''http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/swot-analysis/main'' </ref> <ref name=mindtools>[''Using the TOWS Matrix Developing Strategic Options From an External-Internal Analysis''] ''http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_89.htm'' </ref> <ref name=simple>''[SWOT analysis (TOWS matrix) Made Simple]'' ''https://rapidbi.com/swotanalysis/'' </ref>. There is no single guide or manual on how to perform a SWOT analysis - on the contrary many papers, books and articles have been issued describing, criticising and elaborating on the applications of the SWOT analysis <ref name=Methodology>[''Sepehr Ghazinoory , Mansoureh Abdi & Mandana Azadegan-Mehr (2011) Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12:1, 24-48, DOI: 10.3846/16111699.2011.555358''] ''http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.555358'' </ref> <ref name=Heinz/> <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall/>. The criticism is often based upon the fact that it has a simple structure and does therefore, in itself, not provide a rigorous framework that ensures reliable inputs to strategic planing. An analysis can thus, if not carefully conducted, consist of poorly structured inventories containing very general or vaguely formulated factors that are inconsistent and hard to verify <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall> [''Terry Hill and Roy Westbrook - SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall''] ''Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No.1, pp. 46 to 52, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd'' </ref>. These issues will be addressed with the aim of creating an awareness in the reader of the typical "pitfalls" when conducting a SWOT analysis or TOWS Matrix.		This article will discuss two different applications of SWOT analysis - the "conventional" and a variant called the TOWS Matrix, which utilises the inventory of SWOTs in a more systematic way than the conventional. The SWOT analysis is a tool that provides a basic framework for situation analysis. It generates lists or inventories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which can be used when generating strategies <ref name=enhanced>''[SWOT does not have to be recalled - it needs to be enhanced]'' ''http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2000/swot1.html'' </ref>. The SWOT-factors are universal which makes the analysis applicable in many organisational contexts, but is also applicable for personal use in e.g. career planing <ref name=community>[''Assessing Community Needs and Resources » Section 14. SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats''] ''http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/swot-analysis/main'' </ref> <ref name=mindtools>[''Using the TOWS Matrix Developing Strategic Options From an External-Internal Analysis''] ''http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_89.htm'' </ref> <ref name=simple>''[SWOT analysis (TOWS matrix) Made Simple]'' ''https://rapidbi.com/swotanalysis/'' </ref>. In project and program management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all phases of the life cycle in order to monitor and manage internal and external environments. In portfolio management the SWOT analysis can be used to identify new projects. There is no single guide or manual on how to perform a SWOT analysis - on the contrary many papers, books and articles have been issued describing, criticising and elaborating on the applications of the SWOT analysis <ref name=Methodology>[''Sepehr Ghazinoory , Mansoureh Abdi & Mandana Azadegan-Mehr (2011) Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12:1, 24-48, DOI: 10.3846/16111699.2011.555358''] ''http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.555358'' </ref> <ref name=Heinz/> <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall/>. The criticism is often based upon the fact that it has a simple structure and does therefore, in itself, not provide a rigorous framework that ensures reliable inputs to strategic planing. An analysis can thus, if not carefully conducted, consist of poorly structured inventories containing very general or vaguely formulated factors that are inconsistent and hard to verify <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall> [''Terry Hill and Roy Westbrook - SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall''] ''Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No.1, pp. 46 to 52, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd'' </ref>. These issues will be addressed with the aim of creating an awareness in the reader of the typical "pitfalls" when conducting a SWOT analysis or TOWS Matrix.


	~~In project and program management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all phases of the project life cycle.~~

	~~Project management:~~
	~~Program management~~
	~~Portfolio management~~


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	In order to obtain adequate and truthful information upon which solid strategies can be generated, all stakeholders of the project or program team have to be represented when the analysis is being conducted. This includes not only representatives on corporate level but on production level as well <ref name=enhanced/>. The worker "on the floor" could also possess viable and tangible insights which, if overseen, could have significant impact on the strategy and therefore also on the outcome of the project or the program itself. An opportune quality of the SWOT analysis is, when all stakeholders conduct the SWOT analysis together, the creation of a "common language" <ref name=sSWOT>[''sSWOT - A Sustainability SWOT''] ''User's Guide, World Resources Institute, 2012'' </ref>. This does, on the other hand, also imply that a shared reflection takes place where the stakeholders decide on and adequately verify the proposed SWOTs in relation to the objectives of the project or program <ref name=enhanced/>. A task that has the potential of initiating challenges related "human behavioural" issues e.g. diverse agendas from the stakeholders and on which bases of power these agendas are enforced <ref name=alternative>[Josef Oehmen and Christian Thuesen, ''Alternative Perspectives (II) + (III): Standardization and Institutionalization of Project, Program and Portfolio Management''] ''42433: Advanced Engineering Project, Program and Portfolio Management, November 14, 2014'' </ref>.		In order to obtain adequate and truthful information upon which solid strategies can be generated, all stakeholders of the project or program team have to be represented when the analysis is being conducted. This includes not only representatives on corporate level but on production level as well <ref name=enhanced/>. The worker "on the floor" could also possess viable and tangible insights which, if overseen, could have significant impact on the strategy and therefore also on the outcome of the project or the program itself. An opportune quality of the SWOT analysis is, when all stakeholders conduct the SWOT analysis together, the creation of a "common language" <ref name=sSWOT>[''sSWOT - A Sustainability SWOT''] ''User's Guide, World Resources Institute, 2012'' </ref>. This does, on the other hand, also imply that a shared reflection takes place where the stakeholders decide on and adequately verify the proposed SWOTs in relation to the objectives of the project or program <ref name=enhanced/>. A task that has the potential of initiating challenges related "human behavioural" issues e.g. diverse agendas from the stakeholders and on which bases of power these agendas are enforced <ref name=alternative>[Josef Oehmen and Christian Thuesen, ''Alternative Perspectives (II) + (III): Standardization and Institutionalization of Project, Program and Portfolio Management''] ''42433: Advanced Engineering Project, Program and Portfolio Management, November 14, 2014'' </ref>.

Dunseiz at 22:21, 1 December 2014

2014-12-01T22:21:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:21, 1 December 2014
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<ref>[''link/title''] ''Name of link'' </ref>		<ref>[''link/title''] ''Name of link'' </ref>

	This article will discuss two different applications of SWOT analysis - the "conventional" and a variant called the TOWS Matrix, which utilises the inventory of SWOTs in a more systematic way than the conventional. The SWOT analysis is a tool that provides a basic framework for situation analysis. It generates lists or inventories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which can be used when generating strategies <ref name=enhanced>''[SWOT does not have to be recalled - it needs to be enhanced]'' ''http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2000/swot1.html'' </ref>. The SWOT-factors are universal which makes the analysis applicable in many organisational contexts, but is also applicable for personal use in e.g. career planing <ref name=community>[''Assessing Community Needs and Resources » Section 14. SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats''] ''http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/swot-analysis/main'' </ref> <ref name=mindtools>[''Using the TOWS Matrix Developing Strategic Options From an External-Internal Analysis''] ''http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_89.htm'' </ref> <ref name=simple>''[SWOT analysis (TOWS matrix) Made Simple]'' ''https://rapidbi.com/swotanalysis/'' </ref>. There is no single guide or manual on how to perform a SWOT analysis - on the contrary many papers, books and articles have been issued describing, criticising and elaborating on the applications of the SWOT analysis <ref name=Methodology>[''Sepehr Ghazinoory , Mansoureh Abdi & Mandana Azadegan-Mehr (2011) Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12:1, 24-48, DOI: 10.3846/16111699.2011.555358''] ''http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.555358'' </ref> <ref name=Heinz/> <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall/>. The criticism is often based upon the fact that it has a simple structure and does therefore, in itself, not provide a rigorous framework that ensures reliable inputs to strategic planing. An analysis can thus, if not carefully conducted, consist of poorly structured inventories containing very general or vaguely formulated~~, unprioritised~~ factors that are inconsistent and hard to verify <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall> [''Terry Hill and Roy Westbrook - SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall''] ''Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No.1, pp. 46 to 52, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd'' </ref>. These issues will be addressed with the aim of creating an awareness in the reader of the typical "pitfalls" when conducting a SWOT analysis or TOWS Matrix.		This article will discuss two different applications of SWOT analysis - the "conventional" and a variant called the TOWS Matrix, which utilises the inventory of SWOTs in a more systematic way than the conventional. The SWOT analysis is a tool that provides a basic framework for situation analysis. It generates lists or inventories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which can be used when generating strategies <ref name=enhanced>''[SWOT does not have to be recalled - it needs to be enhanced]'' ''http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2000/swot1.html'' </ref>. The SWOT-factors are universal which makes the analysis applicable in many organisational contexts, but is also applicable for personal use in e.g. career planing <ref name=community>[''Assessing Community Needs and Resources » Section 14. SWOT Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats''] ''http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/swot-analysis/main'' </ref> <ref name=mindtools>[''Using the TOWS Matrix Developing Strategic Options From an External-Internal Analysis''] ''http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_89.htm'' </ref> <ref name=simple>''[SWOT analysis (TOWS matrix) Made Simple]'' ''https://rapidbi.com/swotanalysis/'' </ref>. There is no single guide or manual on how to perform a SWOT analysis - on the contrary many papers, books and articles have been issued describing, criticising and elaborating on the applications of the SWOT analysis <ref name=Methodology>[''Sepehr Ghazinoory , Mansoureh Abdi & Mandana Azadegan-Mehr (2011) Swot Methodology: A State-of-the-Art Review for the Past, A Framework for the Future, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12:1, 24-48, DOI: 10.3846/16111699.2011.555358''] ''http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.555358'' </ref> <ref name=Heinz/> <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall/>. The criticism is often based upon the fact that it has a simple structure and does therefore, in itself, not provide a rigorous framework that ensures reliable inputs to strategic planing. An analysis can thus, if not carefully conducted, consist of poorly structured inventories containing very general or vaguely formulated factors that are inconsistent and hard to verify <ref name=enhanced/> <ref name=recall> [''Terry Hill and Roy Westbrook - SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall''] ''Long Range Planning, Vol. 30, No.1, pp. 46 to 52, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd'' </ref>. These issues will be addressed with the aim of creating an awareness in the reader of the typical "pitfalls" when conducting a SWOT analysis or TOWS Matrix.


	~~= The history of SWOT =~~		In project and program management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all phases of the project life cycle.
	Although there is no single inventor/author of the SWOT analysis, early versions are developed in Harvard Business School by George Albert Smith Jr. and C Roland Christiensen in the 1950s and 1960s <ref>''[History of SWOT Analysis]'' ''http://www.marketingteacher.com/history-of-swot-analysis/'' </ref>. The four factors that later became the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOTs) were then called "opportunities" "risks" "environment" "problems of other industries". Another version was developed at Stanford University by Albert Humphrey which was based upon factors we know as SWOT today. The factors, represented by the acronym SOFT, were then: “What is good in the present is SATISFACTORY, good in the future is an OPPORTUNITY; bad in the present is a FAULT and bad in the future is a THREAT.” <ref name=simple/> The TOWS Matrix was authored in 1982 by Heinz Weihrich, Professor of Management at University of San Francisco <ref name=Heinz/>.

	~~= SWOT in APPPM =~~
	~~SWOT analysis is as earlier stated a tool for situation analysis. This also applies when applying it to APPPM.~~

	In project management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all of phases of the project life cycle ~~when~~

	Project management:		Project management:
Line 18:		Line 12:
	Portfolio management		Portfolio management

	~~== Paramount issues to consider ==~~
	~~Before launching into the SWOT analysis or the TOWS Matrix there are some issues, as mentioned in the introduction, to be aware of. These issues can be summarised in three topics.~~

	=~~==Obtaining adequate and truthful information==~~=		= The history of SWOT =
	~~The~~ SWOT analysis ~~is often conducted during~~ the ~~start-up phase of projects or programs~~ ''~~'''REF'~~''''. ~~In order to come up with useful information, upon which solid strategies can be generated, all stakeholders~~ of ~~the project or program team have to be represented when the~~ analysis ~~is being conducted. All stakeholders include not only representatives on corporate level but on production level as well~~ <ref ~~name=enhanced/~~>. The ~~worker "on~~ the ~~floor" could also possess viable and tangible insights which~~, ~~if overseen~~, ~~could have significant impact on the strategy~~ and ~~therefore also on the outcome~~ of ~~the project or the program itself~~. ~~An opportune quality of the~~ SWOT ~~analysis is~~, ~~when all stakeholders conduct~~ the ~~SWOT analysis together~~, the ~~creation of a "common language" <ref name=sSWOT>[''sSWOT - A Sustainability SWOT''] ''User's Guide~~, ~~World Resources Institute, 2012'' </ref>. This does, on~~ the ~~other hand, also imply that~~ a ~~shared reflection takes place where the stakeholders decide on~~ and ~~adequately verify the proposed SWOTs~~ in ~~relation to~~ the ~~objectives of the project or program~~ <ref name=~~enhanced~~/>~~. A task that has the potential~~ of ~~initiating challenges related "human behavioural" issues e.g. diverse agendas from the stakeholders and on which bases~~ of ~~power these agendas are enforced~~ <ref name=alternative>[Josef Oehmen and Christian Thuesen, ''Alternative Perspectives (II) + (III): Standardization and Institutionalization of Project, Program and Portfolio Management''] ''42433: Advanced Engineering Project, Program and Portfolio Management, November 14, 2014'' </~~ref~~>.		Although there is no single inventor/author of the SWOT analysis, early versions are developed in Harvard Business School by George Albert Smith Jr. and C Roland Christiensen in the 1950s and 1960s <ref>''[History of SWOT Analysis]'' ''http://www.marketingteacher.com/history-of-swot-analysis/'' </ref>. The four factors that later became the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOTs) were then called "opportunities" "risks" "environment" "problems of other industries". Another version was developed at Stanford University by Albert Humphrey which was based upon factors we know as SWOT today. The factors, represented by the acronym SOFT, were then: “What is good in the present is SATISFACTORY, good in the future is an OPPORTUNITY; bad in the present is a FAULT and bad in the future is a THREAT.” <ref name=simple/> The TOWS Matrix was authored in 1982 by Heinz Weihrich, Professor of Management at University of San Francisco <ref name=Heinz/>.


	==~~=Prioritising~~ the ~~SWOTS===~~		= Paramount issues to consider =
			Before launching into the SWOT analysis or the TOWS Matrix there are some issues, as mentioned in the introduction, to be aware of.

			In order to obtain adequate and truthful information upon which solid strategies can be generated, all stakeholders of the project or program team have to be represented when the analysis is being conducted. This includes not only representatives on corporate level but on production level as well <ref name=enhanced/>. The worker "on the floor" could also possess viable and tangible insights which, if overseen, could have significant impact on the strategy and therefore also on the outcome of the project or the program itself. An opportune quality of the SWOT analysis is, when all stakeholders conduct the SWOT analysis together, the creation of a "common language" <ref name=sSWOT>[''sSWOT - A Sustainability SWOT''] ''User's Guide, World Resources Institute, 2012'' </ref>. This does, on the other hand, also imply that a shared reflection takes place where the stakeholders decide on and adequately verify the proposed SWOTs in relation to the objectives of the project or program <ref name=enhanced/>. A task that has the potential of initiating challenges related "human behavioural" issues e.g. diverse agendas from the stakeholders and on which bases of power these agendas are enforced <ref name=alternative>[Josef Oehmen and Christian Thuesen, ''Alternative Perspectives (II) + (III): Standardization and Institutionalization of Project, Program and Portfolio Management''] ''42433: Advanced Engineering Project, Program and Portfolio Management, November 14, 2014'' </ref>.

	*poorly structured inventories

	~~===updating the SWOT inventory===~~

	= Different applications of SWOT analysis =		= Different applications of SWOT analysis =

Dunseiz at 21:45, 1 December 2014

2014-12-01T21:45:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:45, 1 December 2014
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	= SWOT in APPPM =		= SWOT in APPPM =
	SWOT analysis is as earlier stated a tool for situation analysis. This also applies when applying it to APPPM.		SWOT analysis is as earlier stated a tool for situation analysis. This also applies when applying it to APPPM.

	In project management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all of phases of the project life cycle when		In project management the SWOT analysis can be carried out in all of phases of the project life cycle when
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	===Prioritising the SWOTS===		===Prioritising the SWOTS===


	*poorly structured inventories		*poorly structured inventories

Dunseiz: /* Obtaining adequate and truthful information */

2014-12-01T21:26:29Z

Obtaining adequate and truthful information

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:26, 1 December 2014
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	===Obtaining adequate and truthful information===		===Obtaining adequate and truthful information===
	The SWOT analysis is often conducted during the start-up phase of projects or programs '''''REF'''''. In order to come up with useful information, upon which solid strategies can be generated, all stakeholders of the project or program team have to be represented when the analysis is being conducted. All stakeholders include not only representatives on corporate level but on production level as well <ref name=enhanced/>. The worker "on the floor" could also possess viable and tangible insights which, if overseen, could have significant impact on the strategy and therefore also on the outcome of the project or the program itself. An opportune quality of the SWOT analysis is, when all stakeholders conduct the SWOT analysis together, the creation of a "common language" '<ref name=sSWOT>[''sSWOT - A Sustainability SWOT''] ''User's Guide, World Resources Institute, 2012'' </ref>. This does, on the other hand, also imply that a shared reflection takes place where the stakeholders decide on and adequately verify the proposed SWOTs in relation to the objectives of the project or program <ref name=enhanced/>. A task that has the potential of initiating challenges related "human behavioural" issues e.g. diverse agendas from the stakeholders and on which bases of power these agendas are enforced <ref name=alternative>[Josef Oehmen and Christian Thuesen, ''Alternative Perspectives (II) + (III): Standardization and Institutionalization of Project, Program and Portfolio Management''] ''42433: Advanced Engineering Project, Program and Portfolio Management, November 14, 2014'' </ref>.		The SWOT analysis is often conducted during the start-up phase of projects or programs '''''REF'''''. In order to come up with useful information, upon which solid strategies can be generated, all stakeholders of the project or program team have to be represented when the analysis is being conducted. All stakeholders include not only representatives on corporate level but on production level as well <ref name=enhanced/>. The worker "on the floor" could also possess viable and tangible insights which, if overseen, could have significant impact on the strategy and therefore also on the outcome of the project or the program itself. An opportune quality of the SWOT analysis is, when all stakeholders conduct the SWOT analysis together, the creation of a "common language" <ref name=sSWOT>[''sSWOT - A Sustainability SWOT''] ''User's Guide, World Resources Institute, 2012'' </ref>. This does, on the other hand, also imply that a shared reflection takes place where the stakeholders decide on and adequately verify the proposed SWOTs in relation to the objectives of the project or program <ref name=enhanced/>. A task that has the potential of initiating challenges related "human behavioural" issues e.g. diverse agendas from the stakeholders and on which bases of power these agendas are enforced <ref name=alternative>[Josef Oehmen and Christian Thuesen, ''Alternative Perspectives (II) + (III): Standardization and Institutionalization of Project, Program and Portfolio Management''] ''42433: Advanced Engineering Project, Program and Portfolio Management, November 14, 2014'' </ref>.

	===Prioritising the SWOTS===		===Prioritising the SWOTS===

Dunseiz at 21:25, 1 December 2014

2014-12-01T21:25:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:25, 1 December 2014
Line 22:		Line 22:

	===Obtaining adequate and truthful information===		===Obtaining adequate and truthful information===
	The SWOT analysis is often ~~used~~ during the start-up phase of projects or programs '''''REF'''''. In order to come up with useful information, upon which solid strategies can be generated, all stakeholders of the project or program team have to be represented when the analysis is being conducted. All stakeholders include not only representatives on corporate level but on production level as well <ref name=enhanced/>. The worker "on the floor" could also possess viable and tangible insights which, if overseen, could have significant impact on the strategy and therefore also on the outcome of the project or the program itself. An opportune quality of the SWOT analysis is, when all stakeholders conduct the SWOT analysis together, the creation of a "common language" '<ref name=sSWOT>[''sSWOT - A Sustainability SWOT''] ''User's Guide, World Resources Institute, 2012'' </ref>. This does, on the other hand, also imply that a shared reflection takes place where the stakeholders decide on and adequately verify the proposed SWOTs in relation to the objectives of the project or program <ref name=enhanced/>. A task that has the potential of initiating challenges related "human behavioural" issues e.g. diverse agendas from the stakeholders and on which bases of power these agendas are enforced <ref name=alternative>[Josef Oehmen and Christian Thuesen, ''Alternative Perspectives (II) + (III): Standardization and Institutionalization of Project, Program and Portfolio Management''] ''42433: Advanced Engineering Project, Program and Portfolio Management, November 14, 2014'' </ref>.		The SWOT analysis is often conducted during the start-up phase of projects or programs '''''REF'''''. In order to come up with useful information, upon which solid strategies can be generated, all stakeholders of the project or program team have to be represented when the analysis is being conducted. All stakeholders include not only representatives on corporate level but on production level as well <ref name=enhanced/>. The worker "on the floor" could also possess viable and tangible insights which, if overseen, could have significant impact on the strategy and therefore also on the outcome of the project or the program itself. An opportune quality of the SWOT analysis is, when all stakeholders conduct the SWOT analysis together, the creation of a "common language" '<ref name=sSWOT>[''sSWOT - A Sustainability SWOT''] ''User's Guide, World Resources Institute, 2012'' </ref>. This does, on the other hand, also imply that a shared reflection takes place where the stakeholders decide on and adequately verify the proposed SWOTs in relation to the objectives of the project or program <ref name=enhanced/>. A task that has the potential of initiating challenges related "human behavioural" issues e.g. diverse agendas from the stakeholders and on which bases of power these agendas are enforced <ref name=alternative>[Josef Oehmen and Christian Thuesen, ''Alternative Perspectives (II) + (III): Standardization and Institutionalization of Project, Program and Portfolio Management''] ''42433: Advanced Engineering Project, Program and Portfolio Management, November 14, 2014'' </ref>.

	===Prioritising the SWOTS===		===Prioritising the SWOTS===

Dunseiz at 21:24, 1 December 2014

2014-12-01T21:24:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:24, 1 December 2014
Line 21:		Line 21:
	Before launching into the SWOT analysis or the TOWS Matrix there are some issues, as mentioned in the introduction, to be aware of. These issues can be summarised in three topics.		Before launching into the SWOT analysis or the TOWS Matrix there are some issues, as mentioned in the introduction, to be aware of. These issues can be summarised in three topics.

	===Obtaining ~~tangible~~ and truthful information===		===Obtaining adequate and truthful information===
	The SWOT analysis is often used during the start-up phase of projects or programs '''''REF'''''. In order to come up with useful information, upon which solid strategies can be generated, all stakeholders of the project or program team have to be represented when the analysis is being conducted. All stakeholders include not only representatives on corporate level but on production level as well <ref name=enhanced/>. The worker "on the floor" could also possess viable and tangible insights which, if overseen, could have significant impact on the strategy and therefore also on the outcome of the project or the program itself. An opportune quality of the SWOT analysis is, when all stakeholders conduct the SWOT analysis together, the creation of a "common language" '<ref name=sSWOT>[''sSWOT - A Sustainability SWOT''] ''User's Guide, World Resources Institute, 2012'' </ref>. This ~~implies~~ the ~~highest possible level of agreement~~ on ~~what~~ the SWOTs ~~are~~ in relation to the objectives of the project or program. ~~This~~ task has ~~though~~ the potential of initiating challenges related "human behavioural" issues e.g. diverse agendas from the stakeholders and on which bases of power these agendas are enforced <ref name=alternative>[Josef Oehmen and Christian Thuesen, ''Alternative Perspectives (II) + (III): Standardization and Institutionalization of Project, Program and Portfolio Management''] ''42433: Advanced Engineering Project, Program and Portfolio Management, November 14, 2014'' </ref>.		The SWOT analysis is often used during the start-up phase of projects or programs '''''REF'''''. In order to come up with useful information, upon which solid strategies can be generated, all stakeholders of the project or program team have to be represented when the analysis is being conducted. All stakeholders include not only representatives on corporate level but on production level as well <ref name=enhanced/>. The worker "on the floor" could also possess viable and tangible insights which, if overseen, could have significant impact on the strategy and therefore also on the outcome of the project or the program itself. An opportune quality of the SWOT analysis is, when all stakeholders conduct the SWOT analysis together, the creation of a "common language" '<ref name=sSWOT>[''sSWOT - A Sustainability SWOT''] ''User's Guide, World Resources Institute, 2012'' </ref>. This does, on the other hand, also imply that a shared reflection takes place where the stakeholders decide on and adequately verify the proposed SWOTs in relation to the objectives of the project or program <ref name=enhanced/>. A task that has the potential of initiating challenges related "human behavioural" issues e.g. diverse agendas from the stakeholders and on which bases of power these agendas are enforced <ref name=alternative>[Josef Oehmen and Christian Thuesen, ''Alternative Perspectives (II) + (III): Standardization and Institutionalization of Project, Program and Portfolio Management''] ''42433: Advanced Engineering Project, Program and Portfolio Management, November 14, 2014'' </ref>.

	~~resources and capabilities rather than the products and services derived from those capabilities.~~

	*hard to verify

	===Prioritising the SWOTS===		===Prioritising the SWOTS===