Need-Based Theories of Motivation
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== Abstract == | == Abstract == | ||
| − | Project teams are comprised of team members with diverse backgrounds, expectations and individual objectives. The overall success of a project depends on the project team's commitment, which is directly related to their level of motivation.<ref name="PMBOK"> Project Management Institute. (2013). ''A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)'' (5th ed.). </ref> | + | Project teams are comprised of team members with diverse backgrounds, expectations and individual objectives. The overall success of a project depends on the project team's commitment, which is directly related to their level of motivation.<ref name="PMBOK"> Project Management Institute. (2013). ''A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)'' (5th ed.). </ref> These are able to affect all aspects of the result that will be achieved by a project, including a direct impact to the constraints of scope, time and cost. |
Motivation encompasses the psychological forces<ref name="ECM"> Jonas, G. R. and George, J. M. (2015). ''Essentials of Contemporary Management'' (6th ed.). </ref> within a person that determine: | Motivation encompasses the psychological forces<ref name="ECM"> Jonas, G. R. and George, J. M. (2015). ''Essentials of Contemporary Management'' (6th ed.). </ref> within a person that determine: | ||
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* A person's level of persistence in the face of obstacles, which refers to whether people keep trying or give up. | * A person's level of persistence in the face of obstacles, which refers to whether people keep trying or give up. | ||
| − | Motivating in a project environment involves creating an environment to meet project objectives while providing maximum satisfaction related to what people | + | Motivating in a project environment involves creating an environment to meet project objectives while providing maximum satisfaction related to what people value most.<ref name="PMBOK"/> This may include: |
* Pay | * Pay | ||
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* Autonomy | * Autonomy | ||
* Responsibility | * Responsibility | ||
| − | * The pleasure of doing interesting | + | * The pleasure of doing interesting work |
* A feeling of accomplishment | * A feeling of accomplishment | ||
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* Recognition | * Recognition | ||
| − | Knowing this, it is in the project manager's interest to understand the demotivation cause in order to drive toward project success though the creation and maintenance of a motivating environment for all members of the team.<ref name="Article1"> Peterson, T. M. (2007). ''Motivation: How to increase project team performance''. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2007. https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/motivation-increase-project-team-performance-7234 </ref> | + | Knowing this, it is in the project manager's best interest to understand the demotivation cause in order to drive toward project success though the creation and maintenance of a motivating environment for all members of the team.<ref name="Article1"> Peterson, T. M. (2007). ''Motivation: How to increase project team performance''. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2007. https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/motivation-increase-project-team-performance-7234 </ref> |
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== Need Theories == | == Need Theories == | ||
Revision as of 10:57, 28 February 2018
Contents |
Abstract
Project teams are comprised of team members with diverse backgrounds, expectations and individual objectives. The overall success of a project depends on the project team's commitment, which is directly related to their level of motivation.[1] These are able to affect all aspects of the result that will be achieved by a project, including a direct impact to the constraints of scope, time and cost.
Motivation encompasses the psychological forces[2] within a person that determine:
- The direction of a person's behaviour in an organisation, which refers to the many possible behaviours a person could engage in.
- A person's level of effort, which refers to how hard people work.
- A person's level of persistence in the face of obstacles, which refers to whether people keep trying or give up.
Motivating in a project environment involves creating an environment to meet project objectives while providing maximum satisfaction related to what people value most.[1] This may include:
- Pay
- Job security
- Autonomy
- Responsibility
- The pleasure of doing interesting work
- A feeling of accomplishment
- Recognition
Knowing this, it is in the project manager's best interest to understand the demotivation cause in order to drive toward project success though the creation and maintenance of a motivating environment for all members of the team.[3]
Need Theories
A need is a requirement or necessity for survival and wellbeing. The basic premise of need theories is that people are motivated to obtain outcomes at work that satisfy their needs. Need theories suggest that to motivate a person to contribute valuable inputs to a job and perform at a high level, a project manager must determine what needs the person is trying to satisfy at work and ensure that he or she receives outcomes that help to satisfy those needs in return for performing at a high level and helping the organisation achieve its goals.[2]
There are several need theories, of which the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Alderfer's ERG Theory and McClelland's Need Theory are described briefly below.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Physiological needs
- Safety needs
- Belongingness needs
- Esteem needs
- Self-actualisation needs
Alderfer's ERG Theory
- Existence needs
- Relatedness needs
- Growth needs
McClelland's Need Theory
- Need for achievement
- Need for affiliation
- Need for power
Application
Limitations
Annotated bibliography
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Project Management Institute. (2013). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (5th ed.).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jonas, G. R. and George, J. M. (2015). Essentials of Contemporary Management (6th ed.).
- ↑ Peterson, T. M. (2007). Motivation: How to increase project team performance. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2007. https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/motivation-increase-project-team-performance-7234
