Visual Project Management - War Rooms

Revision as of 20:00, 16 September 2016

Big Idea

The concept of a war room is to physically gather an entire project team in a special designed room, where they can think big thoughts and visually communicate the activities of a project. The room is purpose-built for project meetings as a means to handle and enhance decision-making and planning.

The walls in the war room is used for visualization of the project, whether this is low-tech with sticky notes and markers, or with a more high-tech solution with screens and projectors. The room is sort of a shared think box, in which the project team can develop projects and strategies, and organize complex programs. Thoughts, information and data can be visualized, which forms the foundation of finding linkages with impacts and multidimensional information. ^[1]

The war room enables a collaborative team to

• break down complex programs and information processes into comprehensible parts

• promote structured dialogue and brainstorming

• comprehend program intricacies

• establish program concepts quickly.

A project is changed thought-out its lifetime, and the project team must be ready to cope rapid changes. The war room is ideal to make quick and clever decisions, as all the information is literally painted on the walls. If the project manager can navigate the expert knowledge of the project team, major delays etc. can be prevented. Vice versa, if the project team can navigate the rest of the team’s information, and can understand the tasks and deadlines of their co-workers, they might work towards a common goal and project.

To the right is an example of a creative war room, where the initial design decisions are made. The war room is furnished to comply with different situations and needs.

Why is a war room so effective?

A project contains an enormous amount of information, where the most is often very complex. It is therefore of great importance to ensure the employees understand this information, in order to secure an as straight-line process as possible during the project. Time wasted on miscommunication benefits no one, and can in worst case lead to great financial loss, delays and even failures. Miscommunications should therefore be minimized.

When information on the overall process and project is not delivered or understood by the employees, they start to work in silos. This can become dangerous to any project, as employee A can work towards a completely different goal than employee B. According to Mark Woeppel ^[2], the primary problem in project execution is that the teams do not have any situational visibility. They don’t know where they are in the process, and they can’t see clearly what to do. They need a map to guide them. This is where the war room comes in handy.

Traditionally, the teams would have meeting upon meeting where they try to figure out the status of the project, where they are in the process, and what they need to do. But, with all employees working in silos, the left hand, does not know what the right hand does in the project. No one gets the whole idea of the project. Meetings like this will often end up in fingers pointed, and questions are asked in hindsight. This is of course too late to take these discussions, as work already has been executed. This breeds an environment of blame rather than one of cooperation.

A visual tool

Visible information is the shortest route from understanding to action Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no content must have a name, as visuals contribute to explore more complex relationships between entities, whether these are tasks, arguments, people or any other variable of interest ^[3]. Humans receive approximately 90 % of all information through visual perception, and visuals are processed 60,000 times faster than text ^[4].

Projects have an overload of information, and it is of the highest importance, that the project manager as well as the entire team can navigate this information. Traditionally, communication is done by writing reports, delivered to the project manager. From here, the project manager will sum up the findings and share the information with the rest of the project team. This is, traditionally, done in writing, and with the overload of information, this leads to long, tedious, reports.

Written words are a mostly a linear monologue, which is a perfect setting for in depth arguments with a high degree of ambiguity and nuances. Written words give the in-depth picture of a specific situation/solution, but is also what makes texts heavy and static. Texts are literally black and white. Visual information, on the other hand, are non-linear and can provide a rich overview of several arguments and their relationships. Also, visuals as diagrams reduce the need for labelling and descriptions, because the data is organized around two or more dimensions, thus the reader/viewer can establish relationships between variables more easily and quickly. Visuals can consequently manage more complex relationships between entities. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no content must have a name

Visuals are much easier to understand and remember than written words. Research show that presenters who use visual aids are 43 % more effective in persuading audience members to act Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no content must have a name. Visuals affect us both cognitively and emotionally:

1) Cognitively: graphics expedite and increase our level of communication. They increase comprehension, recollection and retention. This will increase the likelihood that the audience will remember.

2) Emotionally: Pictures enhance or affect emotions and attitudes. Graphics engage our imagination and heighten our creative thinking by stimulating other areas of our brain (which in turn leads to a more profound and accurate understanding of the material) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no content must have a name.

Take a look at this picture. Now you have a clear idea of the layout of a war room. It would have taken maybe 1000 words to get the same idea of the space, with the dimensions of the room, the sticky notes with text and figures, the conference table, which actually are smaller tables that can be rolled away or split up into groups if needed. The room can be completely cleared of tables and chairs, and an initial meeting with more dynamic group movement can be facilitated. Also, this picture will now appear whenever you think of or read the term "War room". The brain is a funny thing.

Visuals are a very clear and direct way of approaching an audience, whether these are costumers, meetings, talks, or lectures. Seeing, and seeing patterns, is a basic human skill, which we had long before someone invented words. Even a child sees and recognizes things, long before it can speak. If words are not hooked onto an image, they will go in one ear, sail through the brain, and go out the other ear. ^[5]

Words are processed by our short-term memory, where images go directly into the long-term memory, where they are permanently imprinted. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no content must have a name.

Texts are heavy and static – very black and white. Texts can hold nuances of arguments, but the reader can easily lose the overview. It is therefore difficult to keep written words up-to-date, and in large projects, long reports can be time-consuming and overlooked by more – at the moment - significant tasks. In larger projects, if many managerial tasks are described, it is easy to lose overview and work by outdated reports. Visuals are a better object for real-time communication, as they are an entity that facilitates the storage and exchange of knowledge. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no content must have a name

To sum up this section: Spatial memory > short term memory. Humans short term memory is not ideal for projects, but the long term memory is. When the walls are plastered with notes and deadlines, the brain takes advantage of the spatial memory.

Thoughts become tangible physical elements

With many employees at play in a large project, the most important people might not be heard. Especially in engineering management, as the archetype of an engineer often is introvert and not one to shout out his or her discoveries.

When the information is up on the walls, all team member’s expert knowledge is heard/seen and it is easier to reorganize elements and make sure information is up-to-date. Sticky notes or diagrams are easier to change than to make the same decisions verbally, and making sure everyone was paying attention and contributing. When all team members can follow changes minute by minute, they have a situational visibility, and stop working in silos and start to work in a team.

Shared understanding

When every decision is captured and put on the wall, the project manager do not have to worry whether the team is on the same page or not. The room is the page. The more information is shown on the walls; the more mutual understanding is built. This will lead to focusing on the future instead of dwelling in the past and revisiting already discussed issues. ^[6]

Bring people together

A meeting is not just a meeting. A meeting needs to be directed in order to achieve the meaning. By having a war room, the project team is dedicated to this one task, and can change their mind-sets for problem solving. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no content must have a name

Application

Limitations

Annotated Bibliography

1. ↑ Lessons Learned from War Room Designs and Implementations, Steven M. Shaker (2002), Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA467523
2. ↑ Visual Project Management, Mark Woeppel 2015
3. ↑ Visuals Matter! Designing and using effective visual representations to support project and portfolio decisions, Geraldi, Joana ; Arlt, Mario (2015)
4. ↑ http://archive.boston.com/business/blogs/global-business-hub/2014/03/the_power_of_vi.html
5. ↑ http://info.shiftelearning.com/blog/bid/350326/Studies-Confirm-the-Power-of-Visuals-in-eLearning, quote by Dr. Lynell Burmark
6. ↑ https://library.gv.com/why-your-team-needs-a-war-room-and-how-to-set-one-up-498e940e3487#.65sue24gm