Management and leadership differences

Abstract

Management and leadership are both critical in achieving the desired results in any project. The two concepts are sometimes misunderstood as being the same and are commonly confused for one another. It is understandable since they share several common characteristics, but in fact management and leadership are two separate concepts. Management focuses on ways to achieve project objectives. That includes planning, organizing and monitoring the work. On the other hand, leadership focuses on people and activities involved with the project team. That involves inspiring, guiding, listening and influencing team members. Excellent project managers possess a combination of both leadership and management skills. The balance may vary depending on the circumstances but combining qualities of both allows project managers to organize and monitor the undertaking project as well as motivating their teams to succeed.

This article will explain the differences between management and leadership in more detail, by defining the two concepts separately and comparing the differences and similarities. Furthermore, guidance will be provided on how to apply the concepts for project managers as well as pointing out limitations.

Management

Subsection

The definition, role, qualities, principles and processes of project management

Leadership

The definition, roles, qualities, behaviour and several approaches of leadership

Definition

We are quite knowledgeable about management, but less so about leadership. Several specialists have tried to define this concept and there are more than 400 definitions of leadership. There are numerous perspectives on leadership as well as numerous interpretations of what it means. Simple definitions of leadership include "getting others to follow" and "getting people to do things voluntarily." Leadership can also be defined more narrowly, such as "the use of authority in decision-making." It might be used due to personal expertise or wisdom, or as a function of one's position. Leadership can be viewed as either a behavioural category or as a personality trait. Another way to look at it is from the perspective of the leaders and their capacity to influence others to perform effectively.

The following definition is from the Handbook of Management and Leadership by Michael Armstrong: “Leadership is about inspiring individuals to give of their best to achieve a desired result, gaining their commitment and motivating them to achieve defined goals.”

According to PMBOK guide, leadership is one of the principles that a project manager should acquire to support the needs of the team and the individuals. Project success is facilitated by effective leadership. Better outcomes may result from a project environment that emphasizes vision, creativity, inspiration, enthusiasm, encouragement, and empathy. These characteristics are frequently connected to leadership. Leadership is the attitude, skill, character, and behaviours needed to influence those on the project team and outside it to achieve the desired results.

PRINCE2 states that it is not possible to define leadership in a method, despite being the utmost importance in project management. Leadership styles differ greatly, and what works in one circumstance may not be suitable in another. This is supported by how easy it is to think of examples of successful leaders who have used a variety of leadership styles, from authoritarian to collaborative.

Comparison

Similarities

The two concepts will be compared and their similarities will be discussed.

Differences

The two concepts will be compared and their differences will be discussed.

Practical approach for project managers

Instructions will be provided on how project managers can use the concept and when it is relevant.

Limitations

Here, the concept and its application will be critically reflected upon, using key resources and literature. For example, under what circumstances it can not be used and what it can not do.

References

A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK ® Guide) – 7th Edition and The Standard for Project Management

Management & Organizational Behaviour, by Laurie J. Mullins, 7th edition

Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2®, 2017 Edition

A Handbook of Management and Leadership: A Guide to Managing for Results, By Michael Armstrong and Tina Stephens