The Stage-Gate Model

Abstract

The stage-gate model is a project management methodology used to drive a project from idea-to-launch in a structured way, including several decision-making points, so called gates, where senior management is involved to take decisions regarding the course of the project.

The stage-gate model was firstly developed by companies as a way to manage the product development process more efficiently. However, the model being intuitively appealing and simple, it was adopted to manage a variety of other projects like process improvements and changes in the processes within companies. Today, it is regarded as a general project management methodology with a wide range of variations.

A phase-gate process, a waterfall process, a front-end loading (FEL), a big design up front (BDUF) are very similar methodologies to the stage-gate model.

Usually, the model involves from four to seven stages and gates. Each stage is followed by a gate, when certain deliverables are to be submitted and a decision should be taken that leads to the next stage. A typical model is comprised of the following stages and their gates:

Idea – G1 – Preliminary Assessment – G2 – Business Case Development – G3 – Development/Manufacture – G4 – Testing and Validation – G5 – Launch

The stage-gate model mitigates the risk apparent in a new project through the structured process with the senior management support, however sometimes it is regarded as rigid and slow and accused of killing creativity and innovation.

History

The Stage-Gate Model was created in the 1980s by Robert G. Cooper, a now internationally recognized expert in the field of innovation management. The Stage-Gate Model was the result of an extensive research about the new product development (NPD) practices followed by top performing companies, leading innovators and entrepreneurs, published by Robert G.Cooper in 1985.

Robert G.Cooper continued his research activities within new product development and innovation management, which has led to over 120 article publications and ten published books until today. Furthermore, along with his fellow researcher and innovation expert Scott J. Edgett, Robert G.Cooper founded the Product Developement Institute Inc. in the year 1996 and the Stage-Gate International in the year 2000. Scott J. Edgett has also extensive research activity and expertise in the field of innovation management with more than 60 academic articles and co-authoring of six books. The Product Developement Institute Inc. is helping companies to improve their approach to new product development and portfolio management, while Stage-Gate International is an innovation management consulting company that offers expert advice in companies globally.

As a result of all this research activity and the continuous contact with the industry, the Stage-Gate Model has evolved since 1985. Thus, there are plenty variations of the model, that follow the advances in the field of innovation management and the new needs for more flexibe, adaptive and lately fast-track product development.