Cross-cultural Management
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Abstract
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The aim of this article is to give an overview of the cross-cultural management. Nowadays, the globalization of economy creates the need for cultural interaction in organizations and their projects. Considering the fact that cultural differences is a factor that can complicate management procedures, a cross-cultural analysis of management is important. This article emphasizes in presenting fundamental management perspectives in a cross-cultural context. The management areas that are examined, are: frameworks for cross-cultural management, organization's strategy and structure, international human resource management, communication and conflict analysis and motivation rewards and leadership behavior.[1] The influence of peoples' behavior and opinion is a crucial factor that needs to be taken into consideration during the project management processes and it is highly developed in two knowledge areas : Human Resource Management and Stakeholder Management which are going to be analyzed from a cross cultural perspective in this article. [2]
Big Idea
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Nowadays, trade barriers between countries have been diminished and as a result more and more companies have become international. In an international organization, often, projects are handled by international teams and are affected by international stakeholders. People from different cultures need to communicate together during various project management processes and therefore managers need to make sure that the optimum outcome will be succeeded by this interaction. Furthermore, multicultural interactions can usually bring new perspectives that can lead to better results and managers should make sure to exploit the possibilities to the fullest. Therefore, a theory of a cross cultural project management is needed to be developed.
The theory that is analyzed in this article, takes into consideration two main aspects that influence a project: project stakeholders and project teams. Manage stakeholders is a complicated management task because involves different expectations and opposing interests. A variety of nationalities can increase the difficulty of the task, but on the other hand can create opportunities and this theory tries to make full use of and derive benefit from it. Regarding project teams, except the differences that the members may have in their background, personalities, level of commitment, there are also cultural differences or geographical distances that may affect the project. This challenge needs complex managerial skills and this theory aims at helping managers succeed it.
Application
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Definition of Cross-cultural Management
Culture is a complicated concept that basically consists of language, habits, customs, social behavior and beliefs of a specific society. However, the significance of culture sometimes is underestimated and this fact can be explained by the Iceberg theory, which reveals more aspects of culture than it is believed by a shallow thinking. Some of them are navigation skills, physical contact even behavior towards animals as it can be seen in figure. The need for cultural interaction is increased through the years and therefore it is also encountered in the world of business. The cross cultural management is an approach of management that takes into account diversity in the project members and it is a competitive advantage that an organization should use in their favor.
Project Human Resources Management
Project Stakeholders Management
Limitations
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Annotated Bibliography
Provide key references (3-10), where a reader can find additional information on the subject. Summarize an outline the relevance of each reference to the topic. (around 100 words per reference). The bibliography is not counted on the 3000 word target length of the article.
