Motivation through Theory X&Y from a Project Management perspective
(→Abstract) |
(→Abstract) |
||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
In the 1950s large-scale, complex, and interdisciplinary projects emerged. Along with the new trend in project format, new materials, procedures, and methods were developed to support the success of these <ref name="No More Muddling"> Zûst, R. & Troxler, P. (2006). Communication. No More Muddling Through – Master Compelx Projects in Engineering and Management. Published by Springer Netherlands. ISBN: 978-1-4020-5018-3.</ref>. Thus, paving the way for projects to be more focused on the Socio-technical aspects and the importance of soft skills <ref name="No More Muddling"> Zûst, R. & Troxler, P. (2006). Communication. No More Muddling Through – Master Compelx Projects in Engineering and Management. Published by Springer Netherlands. ISBN: 978-1-4020-5018-3.</ref>. | In the 1950s large-scale, complex, and interdisciplinary projects emerged. Along with the new trend in project format, new materials, procedures, and methods were developed to support the success of these <ref name="No More Muddling"> Zûst, R. & Troxler, P. (2006). Communication. No More Muddling Through – Master Compelx Projects in Engineering and Management. Published by Springer Netherlands. ISBN: 978-1-4020-5018-3.</ref>. Thus, paving the way for projects to be more focused on the Socio-technical aspects and the importance of soft skills <ref name="No More Muddling"> Zûst, R. & Troxler, P. (2006). Communication. No More Muddling Through – Master Compelx Projects in Engineering and Management. Published by Springer Netherlands. ISBN: 978-1-4020-5018-3.</ref>. | ||
| − | As projects have continued to become more complicated, this has proven the project manager's importance in leading projects to success <ref name="PMBOK"> Project Management Institute, Inc.. (2017). Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition). Project Management Institute, Inc. (PMI). Retrieved from: https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/toc/id:kpGPMBKP02/guide-project-management/guide-project-management.</ref>. A project manager may have the necessary skills to guide a project team through various project stages and project life cycles, but team motivation is an essential element of a successful project <ref name="Motivation in Project Management: The Project Manager’s Perspective">Schmid, B., Adams, J. Motivation in Project Management: The Project Manager’s Perspective. [https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20042]. ''Project Management Journal''. Issue published: June 1, 2008. Volume: 39 issue: 2, p. 60-71.</ref>. Thus, making | + | As projects have continued to become more complicated, this has proven the project manager's importance in leading projects to success <ref name="PMBOK"> Project Management Institute, Inc.. (2017). Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition). Project Management Institute, Inc. (PMI). Retrieved from: https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/toc/id:kpGPMBKP02/guide-project-management/guide-project-management.</ref>. A project manager may have the necessary skills to guide a project team through various project stages and project life cycles, but team motivation is an essential element of a successful project <ref name="Motivation in Project Management: The Project Manager’s Perspective">Schmid, B., Adams, J. Motivation in Project Management: The Project Manager’s Perspective. [https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20042]. ''Project Management Journal''. Issue published: June 1, 2008. Volume: 39 issue: 2, p. 60-71.</ref>. Thus, making the ability to motivate a team an important leadership skill for project managers. |
The idea that a manager’s attitude has an impact on employee motivation was initially suggested by [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Douglas_McGregor&oldid=1006029043| Douglas Murray McGregor] (1906-1964), Professor of Management at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the late 1930’s and 1940’s <ref name="Douglas M. McGregor">MIT Institute for Work and Employment Research: Douglas M. McGregor. [http://iwer.mit.edu/about/iwer-pioneers/douglas-m-mcgregor/]. Accessed 13-02-2021.</ref>. In 1960, McGregor released the book, The Human Side of Enterprise, which proposed two theories by which mangers perceive and address employee motivation <ref name="Lumen Learning: Reading: McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y"> Williams, L, Lumen Learning. Introduction to Business: Reading: McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. [https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmintrobusiness/chapter/reading-douglas-mcgregors-theory-x-and-theory-y-2/]. Accessed 13-02-2021. License: CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial.</ref>. The two antagonistic motivational methods are referred to as Theory X and Theory Y management, each of which assumes the manager’s role to focus on organising resources, including people, to best benefit the company <ref name="Lumen Learning: Reading: McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y"> Williams, L, Lumen Learning. Introduction to Business: Reading: McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. [https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmintrobusiness/chapter/reading-douglas-mcgregors-theory-x-and-theory-y-2/]. Accessed 13-02-2021. License: CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial.</ref>. However, beyond this commonality, the two theories split corporate thinking into two camps in their embodiment of attitudes and assumptions <ref name="Douglas M. McGregor">MIT Institute for Work and Employment Research: Douglas M. McGregor. [http://iwer.mit.edu/about/iwer-pioneers/douglas-m-mcgregor/]. Accessed 13-02-2021.</ref>. | The idea that a manager’s attitude has an impact on employee motivation was initially suggested by [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Douglas_McGregor&oldid=1006029043| Douglas Murray McGregor] (1906-1964), Professor of Management at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the late 1930’s and 1940’s <ref name="Douglas M. McGregor">MIT Institute for Work and Employment Research: Douglas M. McGregor. [http://iwer.mit.edu/about/iwer-pioneers/douglas-m-mcgregor/]. Accessed 13-02-2021.</ref>. In 1960, McGregor released the book, The Human Side of Enterprise, which proposed two theories by which mangers perceive and address employee motivation <ref name="Lumen Learning: Reading: McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y"> Williams, L, Lumen Learning. Introduction to Business: Reading: McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. [https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmintrobusiness/chapter/reading-douglas-mcgregors-theory-x-and-theory-y-2/]. Accessed 13-02-2021. License: CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial.</ref>. The two antagonistic motivational methods are referred to as Theory X and Theory Y management, each of which assumes the manager’s role to focus on organising resources, including people, to best benefit the company <ref name="Lumen Learning: Reading: McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y"> Williams, L, Lumen Learning. Introduction to Business: Reading: McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. [https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmintrobusiness/chapter/reading-douglas-mcgregors-theory-x-and-theory-y-2/]. Accessed 13-02-2021. License: CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial.</ref>. However, beyond this commonality, the two theories split corporate thinking into two camps in their embodiment of attitudes and assumptions <ref name="Douglas M. McGregor">MIT Institute for Work and Employment Research: Douglas M. McGregor. [http://iwer.mit.edu/about/iwer-pioneers/douglas-m-mcgregor/]. Accessed 13-02-2021.</ref>. | ||
Revision as of 16:52, 13 February 2021
Developed by Marie Elly Ulricke Kristensen
Contents |
Abstract
In the 1950s large-scale, complex, and interdisciplinary projects emerged. Along with the new trend in project format, new materials, procedures, and methods were developed to support the success of these [1]. Thus, paving the way for projects to be more focused on the Socio-technical aspects and the importance of soft skills [1].
As projects have continued to become more complicated, this has proven the project manager's importance in leading projects to success [2]. A project manager may have the necessary skills to guide a project team through various project stages and project life cycles, but team motivation is an essential element of a successful project [3]. Thus, making the ability to motivate a team an important leadership skill for project managers.
The idea that a manager’s attitude has an impact on employee motivation was initially suggested by Douglas Murray McGregor (1906-1964), Professor of Management at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the late 1930’s and 1940’s [4]. In 1960, McGregor released the book, The Human Side of Enterprise, which proposed two theories by which mangers perceive and address employee motivation [5]. The two antagonistic motivational methods are referred to as Theory X and Theory Y management, each of which assumes the manager’s role to focus on organising resources, including people, to best benefit the company [5]. However, beyond this commonality, the two theories split corporate thinking into two camps in their embodiment of attitudes and assumptions [4].
This article will start by introducing the relevant background to the initiation of Theory X&Y, followed by an introduction to the two different motivational methods, their theoretical framework, and how this reflects in the role of a project manager. The article will then introduce the different advantages and disadvantages of each of the motivational methods from a management perspective as well as reflect on the criticism of Theory X&Y. Lastly the article will reflect on the complex work environment in context to choosing a management style based on the motivational theories proposed by McGregor.
Background
Theory X
Sub Headline
Theory Y
Sub Headline
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zûst, R. & Troxler, P. (2006). Communication. No More Muddling Through – Master Compelx Projects in Engineering and Management. Published by Springer Netherlands. ISBN: 978-1-4020-5018-3.
- ↑ Project Management Institute, Inc.. (2017). Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition). Project Management Institute, Inc. (PMI). Retrieved from: https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/toc/id:kpGPMBKP02/guide-project-management/guide-project-management.
- ↑ Schmid, B., Adams, J. Motivation in Project Management: The Project Manager’s Perspective. [1]. Project Management Journal. Issue published: June 1, 2008. Volume: 39 issue: 2, p. 60-71.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 MIT Institute for Work and Employment Research: Douglas M. McGregor. [2]. Accessed 13-02-2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Williams, L, Lumen Learning. Introduction to Business: Reading: McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. [3]. Accessed 13-02-2021. License: CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial.
