The 4 Disciplines of Execution
Contents |
Abstract
It’s one thing to come up with a good idea and a strategy to deliver but to execute the strategy is a different ball game. This article takes a look at how to implement the 4 Disciplines of Execution [1] in project management. The disciplines are guidelines to assist with the execution of a projects strategy. Strategies and methods can easily change while it is more difficult to affect behaviours. Human behaviour is a key factor behind the complexity of undertaking a project [2]. If you want to take on a task you have never done before, you might also have to do things you have never done before. The authors of the 4 Disciplines of Execution refer to the whirlwind to be the greatest enemy of execution. The whirlwind is describes as “the massive amount of energy that’s necessary just to keep your operation going on a day-to-day basis”. The disciplines protect the execution of a project from the chaos of the whirlwind.
This article will introduce and provide context to 4DX. Listing down each discipline: Focus on your WIG, Act on the Lead Measures, Put up a Scoreboard and Cadence of Accountability. Explaining them, how they are applied and how they might be beneficial working with projects. Finally the limitations of the tool will be addressed.
Big Idea
The 4 disciplines of execution is presented as a powerful and simple solution to create a winnable game by identifying and focus on executing the most important goals set by each organization [3]. Projects can fail and there are infinite reasons to why they might fail. The inability to focus on the key strategy and to follow through a project are examples to why projects can be unsuccessful [4]. The disciplines are meant to create a bridge from strategy to execution.
The Whirlwind: The whirlwind is described as the main villain to execution. The whirlwind is essentially what is supposed to happen on a typical day at the office, what is needed to be done so that the business runs. If an organization is working towards either to many goals or an unclear goal it gets swallowed up by the whirlwind. It is necessary to identify the difference between the whirlwind and the strategic goals. For the organization to survive it needs both. The whirlwind is urgent as it affects everyone everyday while the goals are important and need to be worked on. Ultimately urgent will beet important.
The Four Disciplines
Discipline 1: Focus on the Wildly Important Identify one or two at most critical goals. All attention outside the normal day-to-day work will be on focussing solely on these goals instead of contributing a fraction towards many goals. These goals are known as the Wildly Important goals, or WIG. When a WIG has been recognized it is easier to let it fit into the whirlwind and become a habit.
Discipline 2: Act on the Lead Measures There are two different types of measures. Lead measures and lag measures. Lag measures are previous information and can help to understand where the project currently stands. Like looking into the rear view mirror. It is not a good idea to act on the lag measures much as it’s not a good idea to drive a car while only looking into the rear view mirror. Lead measures can predict if the WIG will be a success. Unlike lag measures they can be influenced. It can be explained like a game of chess. The WIG is to win the game. The lag measure is all the previous moves made by you and your opponent while the lead measures is your next moves. By focussing on the board as it is you will be able to affect the outcome and get closer to the WIG.
Discipline 3: Put up a Scoreboard It is important to know the score at all times. Teams and people act differently while keeping score. Without knowing the current score staff might be more distracted by the whirlwind.
Discipline 4: Cadence of accountability Schedule a repeated meeting, at least once a week, where team members can hold each other accountable. During these meetings the whirlwind is left behind and discuss the performance to each members lead measures since the last meeting and how to move forward. This is where the execution really happens. The first three disciplines are mainly preparation towards the fourth.
Application
1. Identify a WIG Behind a strong team there can be a lot of good ideas. It is important for those ideas to be presented. The team should conduct a brainstorming session and come up with ideas towards meeting the entire organizations goal. It is however crucial to be able to say no to most of those ideas. The goal is to find one or at most two WIGs. Identify how each idea will affect the organization and create a shortlist. The WIG should be hard but still achievable. The project manager should not decide the WIG, it should come from the team as it will give them ownership of the idea and create a passion towards meeting the goal. Finally the WIG should have a time frame and be measurable.
2. Acting on Lead measures A good lead measures should predict the outcome of the WIG, like mentioned in the chess comparison. The team should chose the lead measures by brainstorming ideas on how to affect the overall outcome. Like when identifying a WIG a shortlist should be generated and each measure ranked. Unlike a WIG it is alright to pick a few measures and divide them between team members. The lead measures should affect the WIG, the team needs to decide if they are repeatable, they need to be able to move forward and be able to measure the performance.
3. Keeping a scoreboard The scoreboard should be visible to all team members at all times to see if they are winning. The scoreboard should show the WIG and how it currently stands. All lead measures should also be on the board and their progress. The information on the board is to be updated regularly so that the team knows exactly where they stand at any given time. That being said the scoreboard should be simple and easy to read.
4. Accountability The most crucial discipline but only exists because of its predecessors. To keep the flow of the project a reoccurring meeting for all team members should be scheduled. No longer then 20 – 30 minutes meeting preferably on a weekly basis. During these meeting each team member will be able to present to the team how they met last weeks goals and how those actions helped toward the WIG and to inform the team on how they plan to commit towards the WIG for the coming week. The team should also take time to look at the scoreboard and learn from the previous week. New commitments should be made while also honouring and celebrating the previous week. This should be a safe space where each member should feel comfortable with asking for help and also sharing their experience.
Limitations
A discussion on the tools strength and weaknesses.
