The Stage-Gate Model/phase-gate process
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| − | The stages often consist of activities that approximately follow the same course, where the data is firstly collected, integrated and analysed [3]. Cooper (2008) mentions several key characteristics that | + | The stages often consist of activities that approximately follow the same course, where the data is firstly collected, integrated and analysed [3]. Cooper (2008) mentions several key characteristics that are to be taken into account when identifying the stages[7]: |
A. Each stage should strive to reduce endogenous and exogenous uncertainties and risks. For the stage information requirements guide the team in their way-of-working. | A. Each stage should strive to reduce endogenous and exogenous uncertainties and risks. For the stage information requirements guide the team in their way-of-working. | ||
Revision as of 20:03, 23 February 2019
Contents |
Abstract
Developed by Bashir Isse
The stage-gate model which is also called phase-gate process is a project management methodology that is used to create a project from an idea-to-launch in a structured way. The model contains several decision-making points, known as gates and involves senior management that take decisions regarding the course of the project. The stage-gate model is created by Robert G. Cooper in 1980's to help companies manage the product development process more efficiently. The model was adopted to manage a variety of projects like process improvements and process changes and is regarded today as a general project management methodology with multiple variations. The model is today a registered trade mark at Stage Gate Inc. a company founded by Cooper and Edgett. The model is considered the ‘industry standard’ and is the world’s most widely benchmarked, referenced and implemented innovation management model. [1]
Background history
The Model
A project is started up with a decision to meet the customer's needs, expectations and requirements. This must be reflected in the specifications provided by the project sponsor in the project objectives that the project must fulfill. The model that is to be used depends on the composition that the requirements have. The model specifies the different phases that the work must go through and the requirements that have been set, based on the deliveries that the individual phase must deliver. There should be a working model that ensures the control of the work being carried out. The project manager is responsible for ensuring that the project meets all the requirements that are made, and the project manager is also responsible for proving it. To start a specific phase of a project, there must be a (Gate) which is a decision model that describes how the project should be controlled, to make the right business decisions in and around the project. A project should always have a responsible (project sponsor) for the project's business aspects, which can make the overall decisions regarding the project's limitations and goals. Gate decisions are taken outside the project by the project sponsor. Gate decisions have always higher priority than project decisions taken internally in the project.
Stages
The stages often consist of activities that approximately follow the same course, where the data is firstly collected, integrated and analysed [3]. Cooper (2008) mentions several key characteristics that are to be taken into account when identifying the stages[7]:
A. Each stage should strive to reduce endogenous and exogenous uncertainties and risks. For the stage information requirements guide the team in their way-of-working.
B. Each stage is more costly than the preceding one. Combined with the element (1) above, this means that there exists a trade-off between uncertainties and risks on the one hand, and costs on the other hand (see figure 1)
C. Activities within stages are undertaken in parallel (as much as possible)
D. Activities are conducted by a diverse team of people from different backgrounds
E. Each stage is cross-functional; so no departmental focuses are present
The idea of a Stage-Gate Process is that the project is divided into in a prearranged set of stages. These stages are composed of groups of related activities which are often conducted in parallel and end in 'Gates'. Gates are characterized as containing a set of deliverables or inputs, a set of criteria, and an output.
It often provide a point during the process where an assessment of the quality of an idea is undertaken and typically includes three main issues:
Quality of execution: Which checks whether the previous step has been executed in qualitivly. Business rationale: Is the project an attractive idea from an economic and business perspective. Action plan: The proposed action plan and the requested resources reasonable and sound.
Application
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Limitations
Annotated Bibliography
References
- ↑ R. G. Cooper and S. J. Edgett, “Stage Gate Inc.” [Online]. Available: https://www.stage-gate.com/. [Accessed: 23-Feb-2019].
- ↑ Template:Cite book
