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...ct. Therefore, it is important to make use of numerous techniques in order to estimate cost fast and accurately. ... project managers use in order to estimate the cost of a project are going to be analyzed. These techniques are, the expert judgment, the analogous estim

... understand task relationships and they will be able to look farther ahead to ensure that everything is going as planned. ...manager can put in important deadlines or milestones, which helps the team to know if they are on time during the project.

...io management (NPV, DCF, see below), but might be more relevant as applied to R&D portfolio selection and optimization. R&D portfolios optimization is based on project valuation, and an alternative to classical, individual evaluation, methods such as NPV (Net Present Valuatio

...e project. Risk management is highly relevant and therefore present in all projects. ...’s unknown unknowns, the risk management process and response strategies to threats and opportunities.

...' Springer. [http://www.springer.com/de/book/9783642339226 Link]</ref> Due to this holistic approach, technology roadmaps are a valuable tool for program *'''To analyse and define''' the need for initiatives and/or programs as well as t

...ds can answer to each type of uncertainty and guide the project management to success in effective and efficient product development. # '''Select''' - Selecting the ideas to pursuit

...ues to project activities to meet the project requirement''. <ref> A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Fifth edition, Project Management ...r to manage a project, the sequential methods were largely used. According to these models, all the stages in a product’s life cycle are sequential.

...ated to describe to a programmer which functions you want in a program and how they should work and more than often the outcome of the project does not sa ...ast as possible i.e. Scrum is focused on fast output of tasks and adapting to changes in demand from the client or market. The output of the project is t

...l (2016) :” How to DO projects. DTU </ref> Lean design management works to define the the values of the project, and through collaboration incorporate ...r has a broader focus, with the emphasis on translating values and visions to a concrete project, securing maximum value for clients and providing a real

Communication and networks are two essential parts of projects that often is being neglected in project planning and project managing. ... Network Diagram is a good way of keeping track of who is the right people to manage in a project.

...m broadly used in many types of organizations to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external ...rementioned project. Evaluating these aspects separately would likely lead to a sub-optimization of one or more aspects, and consequently would make the

...ad predefined projects and was therefore more predictable. With predefined projects, the tasks involved in developing or manufacturing the final product could ...the agile framework, by using iterative and incremental processes in order to cope with the ever changing requirements and customers’ needs.

...). The decision variables will be which projects to initiate and which not to. This list provides the decision makers with a starting point, and argument ...rojects or activities to initiate that maximizes the benefits with respect to the scar resources available? This question seems simple, but in reality it

...logical market, decision-making within product-development/innovation have to be credible and solid. However, in the decision making process in product-d ...it will contain which parameters/criteria are key and appropriate in order to obtain an realistic and solid output when applying the DM, e.g. define the

...man; Bas Vodde (December 17, 2012). "The Scrum Primer: A Lightweight Guide to the Theory and Practice of Scrum (Version 2.0)."</ref> Furthermore is Scrum ...in the context of lean project management. To do so the lean principles of projects management will be outlines and later on the Scrum frame work transferred.

...most, to identify and mitigate all the new issues created by international projects, international project management requires unique methods, tools and techni ...method to '''identify all the challenges''' that ensues from international projects will be developed as, depending of the project, you can have quite differen

...ons. In order to build facilities technologically so advanced and valuable to them, the involvement of expert knowledge early on the construction process ...solved even before they become problems on the construction site and helps to reach project completion on time.

...ance of the portfolio, the cyclic evaluation and prioritization as well as to the tactical resource allocation.<ref name="rui" /> ...2" /> Hereby there are also given tools and guidelines enabling the reader to tackle the mentioned main challenges. Finally the article is concluded with

...s currently at. In extend to that, the model provides the basis for a plan to achieve continuous improvements and higher levels of maturity. The models a ...efinitions, which are as follows <ref name="BRO"> [''Using Maturity Models to Improve Project Management Practice''] '' Brooks, N.; Clark, R. 2009'' <

...the right participants and the right choice of approach and techniques not to mention distribution of the work session results. ...tation is also to get the knowledge of the participants into play in order to use the joint knowledge of the group that lets the group achieve more than