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...s chronologically, providing a theoretic backbone, which is illustrated by case examples of the fictional company A. *The '''detailed study''' specifies the studies of the subsystems and their interrelations in-depth. The focus shifts to sp

Studies of the concept have found that subjects faced with an intellectual challeng In these studies the concept was held up against concurrence seeking, debate and individuali

...older Theory, Andrew L. Friedman and Samantha Miles, Journal of Management Studies 39, January 2002'' </ref> suggests that this is influenced by: |These stakeholders should be monitored in case changes in their position occur

* Ethnographic field studies ...pany reports, financial data, business processes, policy manuals, etc. the case is different for the system archaeology technique, which is about reenginee

...e planned by discovering these underlying relationships. Examples are case studies and consultancy frameworks, that rely on transferring best practices across

...t the beginning to try to design demarcation system as wide as possible in case to avoid the possibility to restrict the possible outcome of solutions. Lat ...ackbox">Bruno L. (1999) ''Pandora's hope: essays on the reality of science studies.'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.</ref> The same insig

...nizing the two domains as two different mindsets is supported by the joint studies of INCOSE and PMI on better integration of program management and systems e ...and ends up with a solution to be implemented. Let’s look at a practical case, simplified from the author’s practical experience:

There have been made many studies of companies achieving great results by implementing PPM practices. The stu ...nage what you do not understand. It could be argued that the latter is the case when buying pre-made PPM software, executives do not understand what the an

...or : Universität Paderborn- Germany, Department of International Business Studies. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria- Brazil, Department of Administration. However, this was not the case in the DaimlerChrysler merger: employees felt overlooked, disregarded and l

...t the longer the project and the team size, the harder is the failure. The studies reveal that the main causes for projects failing are breakdown in communica ...nd, the decision maker must have some concrete objectives in mind; in this case the main objective is to maximize value creation for the customer. A common

!Colspan="4"|Sources of uncertainties and their effect in previous empirical studies<ref name="Uncertainty"></ref> ...f>, Loch<ref name="Loch">Loch. "Tailoring product development to strategy: case of a European technology manufacturer." Eur. Manag. J. 18(3), 246-258 (2000

* [[Hazard and operability studies]] (HAZOP) ... This can be done by outsourcing the risky parts or by buying insurance in case the risk happens.

... interactions between the management activities of all project partners. A case study<ref name=JOMIE/> of 18 complex transportation projects in Canada, New ...s in construction, the latter defines the scope of necessary environmental studies as well as any site specific environmental factors that may affect the desi

... or in-depth perspective on certain areas of interest depending on the use case.<ref name=Monte> ''Robert, Christian P., and George Casella. Monte Carlo st ...How plausible this is in modern organisations is still undecided and other studies have shown a positive effect of the matrix organisation with up to 3 tasks

Case study write-up: the French health care system. ... The purpose of the following article is to think about good practices and studies in order to assign the project in the best way. For example, a network mapp

...the World, Harper Collins-Rawson Associates, New York, NY. Yin, R. (1994), Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. '' </ref>, whe ...care of the operations management after empowerment. Journal of Management Studies 38:6 September 2001.'' </ref>. Instead of seeking to control and measure th

...nd how to avoid them, this article builds on state-of-the-art research and studies on meetings from leading universities. It also relies on standards on proje ...s, p. 224.</ref> They support this statement with research from scientific studies and industry research conducted by the authors themselves.

...reas, the project manager can identify and thereby solve conflicts faster. Studies have shown the following points to lead to the most conflicts: <ref name="B ...ll that conflict can lead to positive change if managed correctly. It is a case of identifying and dealing with the conflict in an early stage. In doing so

...ared to models that are linear and will be further discussed below. In the case of this model it is assumed that there are <math>n</math> assets. Each bon ...ny. "Manufacturing Portfolio Theory." International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics (2010): 120-160.</ref>. Finally, MPT mo

...asures implemented in short periods of time can reduce or end the negative case. In the second situation, the project manager can decide if it is possible ...ns, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA. doi: 10.1002/9781118802717.ch6. ''This chapter studies the integration of the schedule and the budget for the full impact of proje

... of 8 years. Therefore there is no reason to change and in this particular case the dominant strategy is also a Nash equilibrium. ...s perfectly logical and understandable. They chose their strategy, in this case losing, in order to optimized their possible outcomes (getting the best med

... work-hours you assign to your tasks. This is, of course, almost never the case. Project teams works more efficiently in some periods than other. Overhead, ...er Bounds of the "Cone of Uncertainty", Each "Iteration" symbolize in this case a "Sprint", Source: <ref name="MicrosoftCase">http://collaboration.csc.ncsu

...ademic papers, real case studies and personal experience. It is not in any case a universal “ultimate guide”, but a set of good practices to follow whe ...aving a governance strategy can also be a governance strategy, that is the case of self-organising project teams.

...e using Earned Value Management. Provides both case studies and simulation studies, and how to scheduling projects with a software.)''</ref>. ...t of money. But this event is not expected to occur in the future. In this case the Estimated Cost at Completion is:

...n challenges that every programme management organization will face in the case of the Olympic Games are: <ref name="Construction Programme"> [http://learn ...eparate projects, which are more or less interdependent. Especially in the case of the Olympic Games in London, where the site was surrounded by livable ne

...commonly used computer programs to manage projects. According to Malaysian case it was used in approximately 80% of cases.<ref name=malaysia>[http://www.ac ...px|left|thumb|Figure 3: CPM Graph ''(source: own construction based on own case)'']]

In case one activities has more than one previous activity who’s dependent with, ...LF=EF and LS=ES. The previous activity have LF as the next activity LS. In case an activity has more than one following activities the LF has to be taken i

[[Category: Product Development‏]][[Category: Case Studies‏]] ...wable, optimized portfolio year by year means a huge challenge for LEGO in case of product development <ref name="Ulrich">Ulrich, K. and Eppinger, S. (2012

...Refers to the actual time required to produce a deliverable. Which in this case, would be the end result of the project. Naturally, the amount of time requ ...n shortcomings in the project planning are neglect of adequate preliminary studies as well as poor management of the structure concerning the plans. The proje

...project management tool. These organisations also have a large database of studies and articles based on empirical data, which shows both the direct and indir ...aper explores the advantages and potential of 4D BIM. The paper includes a case study to validate the use of the proposed 4D BIM application for quality co

In case of early completion of a task, work on the successor activity must begin ra ...individual is two, since it was just conducted in R&D environment. Further studies are necessary.

...rail company had successful experiences with innovative solutions. In this case the problems caused by these traditional simplifications were overlooked un | 1: Studies of nuclear weapons suggest that many problems arise not from a single failu

... Engagement. Throughout this article those two domains are analysed in the case at hand. ...ogram manager should address four different elements: the program business case, the program plan, the program roadmap and the environmental assessment. <

...ent of risk]], the project manager can make a more likely picture of worst-case scenario of the project. This way the cost will match the amount of work to ...pply for an advertised job by a constructor. Example of consultant in this case is COWI.

...d maintains the focus on the project viability in relation to the Business Case, rather than on the project end. The aim of PRINCE2 is to provide the right ...tant that the project and evolving justification remain consistent. In the case that the project can no longer be justified, the project should be stopped

... or in-depth perspective on certain areas of interest depending on the use case.<ref name=Monte> ''Robert, Christian P., and George Casella. Monte Carlo st ...How plausible this is in modern organisations is still undecided and other studies have shown a positive effect of the matrix organisation with up to 3 tasks

...ofessionals In Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39', ''Social Studies of Science'' 19(3): 387-420.</ref>''"Boundary objects are objects which are ...have created a similar understanding of the key attributes. If this is the case, the boundary object can be more rigid and the need for flexibility is lowe

... class="plainlinks"> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_case business case]</span> rather than on the project end. The aim of PRINCE2 is to provide us ...tant that the project and evolving justification remain consistent. In the case that the project can no longer be justified, the project should be stopped

... on the equity only after all other debts and interest is paid off. In the case of project failure dividends may not be returned on the equity so this is w ...as an insurance company. A contingency plan should also be put in place in-case of the worst happening.

In case of early completion of a task, work on the successor activity must begin ra ...individual is two, since it was just conducted in R&D environment. Further studies are necessary.

Studies conducted both in the early 1990s <ref>Risk analysis and management in cons As those studies showed, risk management is not a developed field in the Construction indust

...se risk that can occur in projects and to be able to mitigate those risks. Studies have shown that the changes of risk event occurring are in the idea, planni ...th few techniques and methods that are well known in risk management and a case example where to apply them in the RMP. Furthermore, the background of risk

...tion of the different tools is presented. The recommendations based on the studies for this article are more digital solution that could combine stakeholder r ...n construction : An empirical study to address research gaps in previous studies'', (2010), </ref>

...ue relied on the inflexibility of its basis for measurements, which in the case of PERT/Cost could be adjusted to hide overruns. The PERT/Cost methodology ...ned Value and Budgeted Cost is called '''Schedule Variance''' and for this case is equeal to: 5000 - 6000 = -1000

By the year 2013, around 200 case studies had been made about implementation of the LPS system in construction projec ...is not possible to measure all the benefits with numbers. When that is the case the benefits have been revealed with other methods, e.g. emotions and exper

... origin from social studies which the latest years has had a growth in the studies of complex connectedness of modern society. Network perspectives are used t ...res can be used to analyse and understand complex networks, in all kind of studies and can be applied when it comes to the study of project management

...However, there is no scientific evidence supporting this. On the contrary, studies have shown that the amount of overestimation is individual dependent and ba ...its of eliminating multitasking are not clear at all and the need for more studies in regard to this is necessary.

...n form to inform the project team on the goals and have a written proof in case that stakeholders change their mind (phase 5). ... should have a preliminary idea of the expectations of the stakeholder. In case this expectations concern data and measurable results it is easy to communi

...agement - such as motivation. This applies for both practices and academic studies. <ref name="Eight to Late"> Eight to Late (2008). ''Motivation in project m ...team. It also requires a highly skilled leader, because if that is not the case, it would slow down the project very much.

...s and he used anecdotes to support his theories, not controlled scientific studies, as is the norm today. ... give the same result on both occasions. With the MBTI® however, multiple studies show that up to 50% will be a different type, even with a test-retest inter