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... any change or error of the activities involved in the critical path might change it and reveal the project has been focusing on the wrong activities.

... the 29th Annual Project Management Institute, Seminar/Symposium: Tides of Change. Long Beach, CA, October 1998 </ref>

...him. After a certain time, a related observation can be made. The features change for the man from ataractic to must-be. He will be dissatisfied if his next

...lanning phase and it must be done thoroughly to mitigate potential delays, change of scope, budget overruns and quality loss.<ref name="10Golden"/> ...risks, the probabilities of risks are minimized leading to reduced delays, change orders and budget overruns. Mitigating and avoiding a threat can be done in

...n be hardware failures, human errors, an unanticipated process state (e.g. change of composition), external disruptions (e.g. loss of power), etc. During a project, HAZOP can be repeated after a change in the process mechanism or design. It is useful for evaluating the deviati

...mble the past and only gradually change, by demonstrating how things could change for the better or worse, asking why the past may not be helpful, and thus i ...enarios that cover sufficient consequential situations. Usually, different change drivers, trends and uncertainties are combined in different ways to create

..., is an '''approach''' to develop policy engagement processes to influence change. It comprises a suite of tools that can be used to improve how organization ...-plan-the-whole-policy-research-initiative/''] ''ROMA, used to plan policy change''</ref>

... the organization will benefit in the long term. Scenario planning came to change and enhance the way of thinking in terms of <span class="plainlinks">[http *The industry has already affected by an important change or is expected to

...h an overview of the users' needs and thereby the scope of the project may change accordingly. Figure 2 demonstrates the importance of this part of the FS, s

* Change requests ! Change Control

[[Category:Project Management]][[Category:Uncertaity]][[Category:Change Management]][[Category:Risk]]

...ystem Model<ref name="Ruiz (2017)">Ruiz, P. P. (2017), 42543 Management of Change in Engineering Systems, Lecture 3, February 14th 2017, Technical University ...projects with high planning uncertainty as it aids the user in reacting to change fast. This is made easy with the drag and drop function.<ref name="Slackrev

...are discussed. Scope creep is the definition that describes the continuous change in scope during a project phase. Scope creep can happen both in relation to ...or function creep, happens when these deliverables, along with ineffective change control, are not entirely defined, described and mapped. <ref name="ISO"/>

...part from the product development, innovation management and management of change/process improvements, the model is also used to manage a variety of other p

...Project Management]][[Category:Complexity]][[Category:Timeline]][[Category:Change Management‏‎]] ...y phase of the project life cycle. This changes may come for the need in a change deliverable that may affect its functionality, but also the amount of resou

...approach to accommodate the inevitable changes. In addition to adapting to change, the sheer size of the work involved for large projects weighs heavy on the ...e difficulty increases with poor project planning, poor status tracking or change control, slow reporting of open issues, or failure to make essential decisi

...le producing large batches of products will be risky as consumer needs may change over the period in which a batch will last. Overproduction is considered th You also need to change the way you think. You need to change how you look at things.” —Taiichi Ohno (1988).

... 1991. “An Evaluation of Delphi.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 40(2):131–50. Retrieved (http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0040 ... are less accurate than men in their responses and they are more likely to change their answers than male participants.

...lisation of benefits, and to be able to identify benefits resulting from a change the so-called benefits map can be of great help. Benefit Map is principally ... stakeholder” is the definition of a benefit as stated by the Centre for Change Management, and clearly illustrates why stakeholders are an important part

...ion to the approval or plan approval procedure leaves only little room for change in planning. In this case, objections by citizens can not be taken into acc

...meeting summary</ref> This article focuses on the method of applying Scope Change Control, based on industry best practices through semi-structured interview <li>'''Scope Change Control:''' Controlling changes to the project scope

...ds will be mentioned, whereas one is an alternative method for assessing a change project’s chance of success, where the other one is a risk evaluation too ... world, it has increasingly been a factor to be able to deliver successful change projects.

...f a key project and programs, they can create or destroy value (Sponsoring Change, APM, 2009). This person should ensure strategic alignments between the dif

... the ability of the project manager to properly communicate and manage the change in the project, heavily rely on the mentioned personal and communication sk ...re, it states that changing any of the constraining factors necessitates a change in at least one of the other two constraints in order for the quality of th

- If a customer wants to change requirements of the product they cannot be implemented in the current devel * Responding to change over following a plan

...se and a brainstorm on how to solve the problem could give the solution to change the way employees are paid into depending on how much time they spend at wo ...nagement, such as e.g. for medical purposes<ref name="Wong" /><!--possibly change sentence a little-->, where i.e. the cause(s) for a patients symptoms are f

...eas the negative events will be considered risks for the project. This can change the life cycle of the project process<ref name="ISO" />. An opportunity can ...rogress data, scope statement, work breakdown structure, activity list and change request <ref name="Geraldi" />.

...can encounter such as lacking organisational capabilities or resistance to change, e.g due to individual anxiety, creating and implementing appropriate goal

...th a reliable outcome. A little change in the data can result in a massive change in the outcome. Getting reliable data can be hard for the project manager f ...an always be unforeseen events happening from a decision taken which could change the outcome of the situation.<br>

....doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.11.024'' </ref>. The '''first step''' is to change from a large archive of drawings and documentation to a more on-demand gene ...e desired level''' of implementation which requires the largest behavioral change of the workers on site requires communication through the digital means. Wo

...omer forecasts and staff resources. It is required a rapid response to any change that may occur in them. :Agile, a set of fast and flexible processes that accounts for change, helps teams adapt to marketplace opportunities, and improves business perf

...r in defined circumstances. Variations should be undertaken in the line of change management. All the variations have the potential to affect the viability a *'''CHANGE MANAGEMENT''' - Contracts should be capable of change (to terms, requirements and perhaps scope) and the relationship should be s

...ocess of execution is needed. Both engineering and production will have to change. This thinking is called Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS) and is describ ...off or the pace set is either too fast or too slow it will be both hard to change once the project has started and it will be expensive in terms of the use o

... building as it did not live up to his or her expectation. The earlier the change the better as the changes are more easily integrated into the project and t There are several ways one might be able to reduce the number of change orders. For instance, BIM and virtual reality will make the building owner

...rpose. He is a systems thinker, so he thinks and acts strategically, leads change effectively, and balances the whole with the sum of its parts. And he leads ...ust takes a pen and paper and the leader to sit and reflect on what he can change or implement from the theory and how it is put into practice.

... be recognized, the creativity and the learning is encouraged, and embrace change since a lot of changes are needed in order to reach the desire result.<br> ...hing to DSDM is neither cheap nor fast and requires a significant cultural change so as the organization to be in the position to implement this framework. I

[[Category:Project Management]][[Category:Uncertaity]][[Category:Change]]

...use of information technology plays a crucial role in the analysis of this change. In other words, the existing processes are re-designed in order to add mor ...that will generally change intermittently in response to an approved scope change <ref name="duncan">Duncan, W. R. (2013) ''"A Guide to the Project Managemen

...reasing interest in people and their behaviour has slowly led to essential change in how projects are managed. Today, people and people’s behaviour is cons ...up of people. It is important to be aware that no type is definite and can change with time for each individual. There is also no right or wrong type.<ref na

...m quality instead of a short term quality check they will not only have to change there implementation method, but also the aspects on which they assess thei

...can encounter such as lacking organisational capabilities or resistance to change, e.g due to individual anxiety, creating and implementing appropriate goal

...any obstacles such as lacking organisational capabilities or resistance to change, e.g. due to individual anxiety. Facing the importance of goals for the ove ...change''<ref name="change">John Hayes (2014), ''The theory and practice of change management''. Palgrave Macmillan, p236-240 </ref> can arise due to self-int

...ations. He observed that culture is always in the process of formation and change tends to cover all aspects of human functioning. It is also learned around ... organization. <ref>[''Graves, D. (1986), Corporate Culture: Diagnosis and Change,

...mance: empirical evidence from UK companies‘, pp. 766-788 </ref>. This change also reflects on the appropriate leadership styles and business environment

...sts in determining what to change, when to change it, and how to cause the change<ref>Vorne Industries Inc.,. (2016). What is the Theory of Constrains?. Retr *What should I change?

...approach to accommodate the inevitable changes. In addition to adapting to change, the sheer size of the work involved for large projects weighs heavy on the ...e difficulty increases with poor project planning, poor status tracking or change control, slow reporting of open issues, or failure to make essential decisi

...may be more complex or vague between projects especially in Organizational Change Programs and Societal Programs. These type of projects are also hard to gen

...ht:30px; width:110px; text-align:center; background: white;"|Insignificant change in cost ...ht:30px; width:110px; text-align:center; background: white;"|Insignificant change in schedule

...lisation of benefits, and to be able to identify benefits resulting from a change the so-called benefits map can be of great help. Benefit Map is principally ... stakeholder” is the definition of a benefit as stated by the Centre for Change Management, and clearly illustrates why stakeholders are an important part

...Managing Innovation - Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change, </i>John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 5th Edition, p.405-412, UK, ISBN 978118360637 < ...Managing Innovation - Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change, </i>John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 5th Edition, p.88-96, UK, ISBN 978118360637 </r

...ect plan. Consequently, preventive and corrective actions may be taken and change requests made, when necessary, in order to achieve project objectives.'' ... cost manager must prepare all the necessary documents and ensure that all change orders have been closed out and agreed. Final payments have been or are nea

...ortance, quickly update the product backlog as requirements and priorities change, whereas in '''''Historical Project Management''''' we must create a comple ...ontrast, Unfortunately, in '''''Historical Project Management''''' methods change the way they manage procedures and budget structures that can’t improve n

...maintenance.''' In projects it is common that needs, and scope can vary or change along the way, thus the project dashboard may require to display other KPIs

|[[Coaching - Project Manager as Change Agent]] |[[Kotter's 8-Step Change Model as a tool in Program Management]]

...as inhibiting the development of new solutions and proposed basic rules to change that. The term brainstorming became popularized in 1953 by Osborn in his bo

...should be evaluated to ensure the identification of possible new risk or a change in already known risks. The register should as a minimum be evaluated just ...evaluated during the lifetime of the PPP, to ensure that there has been no change probability or impact.

...t is supposed to head the project in the right direction the situation can change as the project progresses. The changed situation has to be assessed on all ...structure (WBS) will be created and then accepted, and controlling how the change requests to the project scope statement will be managed.<ref name="PMG"/> <

::-Change Authority ...mall budget do not usually demand the action of additional members such as Change Authority or Project Assurance. Presence of these stakeholders would increa

...date the RAM by going through the steps 3-6 once again if responsibilities change during a project life cycle<ref name=RAM/>. ...a clear way. The only limitation is that OBS is never fixed. Roles tend to change throughout a project life cycle and thereby OBS needs to be constantly revi

... to understand each side of force and communicate reasoning for making the change.

...ob change. It is therefore possible for an individual’s BTRSPI result to change with time <ref name=Belbin_Lecturers> ''BELBIN Associates, Belbin For Lectu ...cussions <ref name=Hayes> ''Hayes, John (2014). The Theory and Practice of Change Management, Fourth Edition, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-137-27534-9'' </

...d be done, but he surely did inspire them in terms of WHY things needed to change. The people who showed up heard his beliefs, they were touched by them and

...o such behavior in three different ways. One is to convince the deviant to change his or hers behavior in order to conform to the group by presenting consequ ...iance will make group members reflect on the group norms and behaviors and change them when needed. On the other hand, too much deviance also results in low

... name="APM_guide"> PM Governance Specific Interest Group. (2011) Directing Change: A Guide to Governance of Project Management. 2nd edition. Pa: APM </ref> *'''Association of Project Management. Directing Change: APM Guide on Project governance''': This guide by the APM gives a good ove

''Supply conditions:'' change in price of materials, advances in technology, innovations in management me ''Demand conditions:'' change in the willingness of customers to buy the company products or services.

...l three in an industrial project is to plan to fail. Uncertainty, risk and change is inevitable and the project manager has an ethical duty to understand the

...ling and control of the project. It is possible, but very inconvenient, to change the level of detail once the scheduling has commenced. Another difficulty i

...y of managing them, as this methodology helps responding to high levels of change and uncertainty <ref name=" PMBOK " /> <ref name=" PRINCE " />. ... all these aspects at an early stage and is characterized by low levels of change and uncertainty. However, some projects are characterized by such an amount

...s are modified during the project while the deliverables are not without a change request. Another factor that should be taken into account by project manage

... supply useful insights. <ref>Hayes J. (2014) ''The Theory And Practice Of Change Management'', Fourth Edition </ref> ...o manage change within organizations. It provides tools for structuring of change, as well as guides on how to act as a project manager when addressing diffe

...am, mechanical team, etc) have performed in the project. Additionally, any change in the designs that is not opportunely informed in the pre-operative phase •Modifications or changes in one element means to change all the blueprints and view of the element and that is made mechanically, t

... closely interrelated to each other, and thus, if a project is required to change one of the constraints, the others will be affected. Firstly, there is a di ...project is poorly defined, there is a bigger chance that the triangle will change its shape by great differences.

... Rodney Turner<ref>Handbook of Project-based Management: Leading Strategic Change in Organizations, 1993, J. Rodney Turner</ref> discussed the sponsor as the ...ate action if and when business conditions and circumstances significantly change throughout the lifecycle of the project, so the project can remain viable a

...o specific factors.<ref name="Hayes">Hayes J. ''The Theory And Practice Of Change Management, Fourth Edition'', 2014</ref> ... manager needs to identify to whom they have these dependencies and how to change the current situation. This can be done by looking at the following:

...ected to its size. When project-decision forum grows in size, they tend to change into stakeholder management groups. Consequently, for each person, the deta ...fines the processes and consequences for assets and owners when a material change of ownership is considered. It is important that reports during the project

...e contributions. It is also vital to make sure that the work groups do not change rapidly, otherwise workers will feel like unknown cogs in a complex machine ==Change as a project deliverable==

When a change to baseline occurs, coaching can be applied as a corrective action <ref nam ...er applying coaching is highly comparable to a Change Agent facilitating a change.

One thing all change management tools have in common is the description of a Team, or the descri ...he criteria of how to successfully complete the different tasks within the change. There should also be a description of how communication among stakeholders

...er a long period of time, the customers need and perception of value might change throughout the project. To ensure the end product meets the customers’ ex

...p to continue business as is. For established companies, it is possible to change their business model or start a different company, but for start-ups this c

...mentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, responding to change over following a plan"<ref>Manifesto for Agile Software Development, ''Agil ...implementation. Changes within the work plans are handled through a formal change control process which takes time. The work plans are executed with the wate

... their employees some aversion to change: it can take really long time to change the work processes and people’s habits and it is the same with new rules

... whereas the tools used for their realization are subject to technological change.

...er%27s_8-Step_Change_Model_as_a_tool_in_Program_Management Kotter's 8-Step Change Model as a tool in Program Management]</span>= ... Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail">" Kotter, John P.| 1995 |Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail. Harvard Business Review pp. 59-67 "</ref>

...ph may provide valuable insights on how does the total cost of the project change depending on the project duration. The graph indicates that the faster the

...nalysis of functions and costs, a search for means that allow elimination, change or improvement of components and functions should be made. The goal is to e

...siness/organizational strategy, in some cases with the aid of the business change manager. Apart from that, program managers are responsible for provision of ... <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_management Change Management]</span> in the program.

* Change management

...d show the expected cash flow scheme. Moreover, the expected spendings may change throughout the project, hence the economical feasibility study should never

...common contract, with a set price for goods or services and not subject to change. If a cost increase occurs the supplier is responsible and is bounded by co

... management plan so that the project reaches its goals. This could include change of schedule or resources. Even though this is not applicable to every risk ...ided not to change the project management plan since it is not possible to change the impact or is unable to identify another strategy. This can lead to cont

...mes increasingly important in today’s organizations, which face constant change in order to keep up in the evolving markets and stay competitive. For such ...rammes (MSP) provides a methodology to manage programs undergoing constant change, in a structured and efficient manner. This allows organizations to be more

...t generates to convince the stakeholders, change the project and therefore change contracts makes it unworthy. ...implement changes downwards. Since these opportunities imply more than one change, these are often dismissed as the number of changes might be higher enough

...ind suitable solutions<ref name="rasmussen"> L. B. Rasmussen, Facilitating change: using interactive methods in organizations, communities and networks. Poly ...pressure, fantasy phase is a more difficult process. Also, long pauses can change the group’s dynamic and not lead to the desirable results.

... creep. Scope creep is when the scope of a project changes, resulting in a change of activities/deliverables. As an example, this could be the new metro line

...erved that importance of the needs varies for each person as circumstances change. Some people might attach more importance to relationships than growth at c

...d. This is done with possible changes in mind because this information can change throughout the project. <ref name="pmdocs"/> All predetermined milestones in the project are listed but are subject to change throughout the project. The project manager will evaluate all changes. <ref

Is the writing free of grammatical and spelling errors? Yes, only one word change could be done. In the first sentence instead of externally-outside may fit

...eference-system" <ref name="change"> Rasmussen L.B. (2011). ''Facilitating Change using Interactive Methods in organizations, communities and networks''. Pol ...and motivated, thus, the ability for improved knowledge-sharing <ref name="change"/>.

#The second solution proposes to radically change the storage solutions within the hospital. All storage units are to be comb ...ht towards the possible alternatives. If the global priority rank does not change, the results are considered to be robust<ref name="Ishizaka">''(Ishizaka&La

...leveling. Additionally, time calculation is based on estimation and it may change the schedule. Luckily, the method stands out with its flexibility and abil * Since projects environment is dynamic and in constant change, there is no Schedule Development tool or method, which can build 100% accu

...her type of iterative process occurs when the conditions of a certain risk change, forcing it to undergo all the phases again. When new risks occur all the p ...out time. The portfolios attitude towards susceptibility or strategy might change as well.

... closely interrelated to each other, and thus, if a project is required to change one of the constraints, the others will be affected. Firstly, there is a di ...project is poorly defined, there is a bigger chance that the triangle will change its shape by great differences.

'''Step 4.''' Change the coloured marker or 'hat' to another colour and repeat Step 3 until all ...can often be persuaded during the course of the discussion as feelings can change.

::-Change Authority ...mall budget do not usually demand the action of additional members such as Change Authority or Project Assurance. Presence of these stakeholders would increa

...n Projects, Programs and Portfolios: Achieve project excellence and create change with strategic impact 1st Edition, Djoef Publishing Inc </ref> To establish ...am members are more efficient in a team, where they can share their ideas, change things on the product/service, the pull process should be considered. In th

...ling and control of the project. It is possible, but very inconvenient, to change the level of detail once the scheduling has commenced. Another difficulty i

...ct team have a tool that can help creating new procurement when there is a change in the project description. ...have a longer production and delivery time. This will be specified here. ''Change request'' are secondary documents, this shall be evaluated through the admi

... uncertainty, incomplete and unpredictable requests that can significantly change during the life cycle of the projects <ref name="agilemethodology"> [http:/

...ed to implement changes in a program. This article will present The 8-Step Change Model as well as how to implement the model in a program. Since the model w ...rogram is affected by internal and external factors; an example could be a change of strategy from the top management which can mean big changes for a progra

...leveling. Additionally, time calculation is based on estimation and it may change the schedule. Luckily, the method stands out with its flexibility and abil * Since projects environment is dynamic and in constant change, there is no Schedule Development tool or method, which can build 100% accu

...ite; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"|'''Application aspects'''[[File:Change.PNG|frameless|left|50px]] |[[The Role of Program Management in an Organisational Change]]

...class and is therefore dependent on it. Changing the reference class, will change the probability distribution and thus the whole outcome of the method. This

If the project group members change often (e.g. due to a process based on functions), it might be beneficial to

* Change requests

...ite; vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"|'''Application aspects'''[[File:Change.PNG|frameless|left|50px]] |[[The Role of Program Management in an Organisational Change]]

...tivities running simultaneously. This can often cause the critical path to change. ... critical path while continuously updating the critical path as this might change.

...se or in the program phase. A program includes project outputs that demand change on business-as-usual, this is when negotiation solutions are needed. Progra ...ect this procedure. At the same time this person knows whether he needs to change his addressing and be more determinative or concessive.

...allows detecting possible emergency and uncertainty, therefore enables the change of priorities in certain projects before the failure comes. '''Stage 3 “Formulate and Implement a Change Strategy”'''

; Change

''"a discipline for seeing wholes rather than parts, for seeing patterns of change rather than static'' ...dealing with changes. Considering that in large projects and mega-projects change is inevitable, the use of systemic mythology helps to learn what changes ar

*KPIs do not prescribe a course of action, but drives change indicating distance from the target.

...an be classified as variable costs where there is a chance of the value to change, such as the office's bill of gas or electricity <ref name=''costs''> ''Di ...ll-functioning of a project: work performance information, cost forecasts, change requests, project management plan updates and project documents updates. Th

**'''Status Quo Bias''' - Preference for keeping things as they are, change considered as a loss. ...n making, has severe consequences, especially for environments of frequent change.

4) The process should respond to change rather than being tied to a plan. <ref name=''9''> ''The Agile Manifesto (2

...edules, procurement schedules, safety guidelines. Moreover aspects such as change management and work breakdown structure (WBS) ...g a project. This includes the needed documentation and activities, within change, risk and quality management.

The outcome from different projects can help to change the process for new and future projects because the outcome is often new kn ... principles. Often are benefits success in different forms from a business change. Benefits are often the driving force for thinking in new paths or testing

... the project. It may be necessary to revisit this process in a major phase change or if the project scope changes significantly.<ref name="PMBOK"> ''A guide ...ses through its life cycle and the level of overall project risk will also change.<ref name="PMBOK"> ''A guide to the project management body of knowledge. (

...et is already entered then creating a high brand loyalty will increase the change for the organization to survive. For both cases the customer relationship a

...nge, and the circle of concern deals with things you can’t. You can’t change whether it’s going to rain or be a sunny day (concern). On the other hand ...nging your statements as you develop and grow as a person, your values may change as well. Organizational mission statement should be involving everyone from

...e constraints against each other. According to ISO 12500 this means that a change in one constraint might affect the others <ref name="ISO" />. In project ma .... Because of the mutual dependency between time, cost and scope/quality, a change in one of the constraints will affect the others making this model a useful

...tial risk of failure.<ref name="(Axelos, 2017)"></ref> Due to fast pace of change and the uncertainty of the near future, potential threats could appear. How ... initiation. Therefore, the created value should be unique and introduce a change to an existing problem. When these requirements are met, the newly created

When monitoring the internal and external environment of a program for change over time, for tracking new SWOTs as they emerge, and for documenting for p

... assessment, because causes and consequences as well as the likelihood can change over time. Therefore, it is important to update the risk cycle regularly to ...t of the consequences, causes and treatments, therefore, after any type of change it is recommended to do-over the risk assessment or identify new risks.

...nterdependent. Hence, change in one set of metrics could trigger a greater change in other set of metrics. Hence, the project manager and the stakeholders ar ... organisation to have the CEO and top management on board and committed to change

...r, as the optimal solutions will be found in one process instead of steady change and improvement.

...llenge is about the scheduling complexity and dynamism: in fact, plans can change before the start but even during the implementation<ref name=estim />. In o

...bout coping with complexity. Leadership, by contrast, is about coping with change” <ref name="Kotter"> Kotter, J. (2001). What Leaders Really Do. [ebook] H ...t is about control and administration, where leadership is about embracing change and motivating their followers to reach the goals set.

...izes and handles the goals, tradeoff of schedule and scope and adapting to change the project requirements and priorities. The Scrum Master knows the process ..., the progress, the organization, the quality, the plans, the risk and the change. For the project to be a PRINCE2, the project need to fulfill all these pri

... had been used until now to construct balanced teams. However, the biggest change was the digitalisation of the tool. This meant that the tool now became an It is very important to note that roles change over time as team members are influenced by their environment, relations, a

...nalizing, developing new products etc.)<ref name=axelos />. As the pace of change is ever increasing it is essential that businesses do not 'fall behind' and

...arned '' </ref>. A “burning platform” is created that forces people to change, where a sense of urgency requires people to get rid of their “preconceiv *'''Change in Incentives''' According to H. W. Ashcraft (2014)<ref name="AGREEMENT"/>

...PM)<ref name="APM"> Association for Project Management (2011). ''Directing Change – A guide to governance of project management''. 2nd edition, APM </ref>, ...sses to spread information, engage stakeholders, and ensure organisational change.

...res a change in the sequence of operations, tools and other features, i.e; change in process planning. ...re are some external factors that affect the results the of the cost, like change in prices of products, market fluctuation, etc.

#: ''Note: Be flexible as the activities needed to achieve the milestones can change during the project. Revise the activities before the work for a new milesto

... dependent on the mindset in the organization which is a complex matter to change and create, but definitely possible to affect. Depending on the current min ...doing this, but generally the objective is to keep quality low and cost of change low<ref name="CIP115" />. If prioritized and in the mindset, this is possib

The model does not include the aspect of time regarding a dynamic change and the circumstances of time which influences a different understanding of

...and reward. Each of these step is important to understand before trying to change a habit, and are shortly described. ...s, the project manager would be able to quickly understand and know how to change the bad habits of the project team members. The project manager has an over

... managing the actual delivery of programs. These include activities around change control, reporting, and information distribution as well as activities arou * ''The Role of Program Management in an Organisational Change'', Fall 2014 [http://apppm.man.dtu.dk/index.php/The_Role_of_Program_Managem

...ighter, impacting product development - this might let a project fail or a change of direction on it with subsequent delays.<ref name="ComplexPM"/>

...positive or negative through outside influences (competitors circumstances change) or this measure. |Percent change or scale such as 1 to 10

...nvestments, the orientation of technological development and institutional change are all in harmony and enhance both current and future potential to meet hu

...hat the project sponsor signs the Project Charter, the document is hard to change. Project Charters can be crucial for choosing the right project, because it ...arter can turn out wrong. Additionally, the environment of the project can change so that the assumptions are not valid anymore and the changes are hard to b

...ly afraid of organizational changes, so in order to help them achieve this change, it is needed to give them clear guidance about their roles and responsibil During the first phase, key staff such as managers, leaders and change agents are trained in the SAFe method. ARTs and value streams are identifie

Whether the project is on a preliminary level or due to a change in process, it is the project sponsor’s duty to see if the project is wel ...approved from project sponsorship. The project manager merely presents the change process to the sponsor, along with recommendation and information on how it

*Manage change conveniently | Change || Management of change and impact general change || Impact?

...nment in which we operate is changing, and in order to succeed we too must change.

...oject manager to comply with quality, reduce risk, and to be responsive to change in requirements. These strong abilities arise from the nature of object-ori ...nts activities will be planned, tracked, reported, and how one can analyze change and achieve traceability. <ref >PMBOK''. 5.1.3.2 Requirements Management Pl

...ng 100% of the members is quite a task, if it is a large NGO. People might change phone numbers or email-addresses.

...t products are those that define aspects of the project and are subject to change control. One of these are a project brief which is used to provide a founda ...ve grown to be so popular. Through time people have had the possibility to change the original words to meet and fit their specific needs.

...owadays, creative thinking provides the basis for any attempts to adapt to change and, therefore, might have crucial effect on the long-term organizational p

...determined. This is what a project manager should do, and these things can change depending on the type of project, so that it is important to have the knowl * Manage change in a better manner

...ange management has been introduced to organizations subjected to changes. Change management is a way of preparing and teaching individuals to adopt with the ...tistics and evidence of a successful effect to be convinced. Adaption to a change in a project is dependent on all of these categories as a project consists

...cally pivotal project leadership decision and, more crucially, a high-risk change of resource-scarce architectural mastermind supervision. ...me="BUKH5"/>. Beneath the public domain surface, the seemingly sudden name change was rooted in a sizeable financial bail-out of Dubai, including this projec

'''5. Change is progress to a better solution''': The Project Scope phase begins with t ...hat can accrue during the project. But as the project progresses, this may change. Second document is the '''Work Breakdown Structure''' (WBS) that enables t

... ones as the project progresses and the level of impact on the project may change with the progress of the project. Sometimes the risk may have negative effe

...y. Similar to any other business sector, renewable energy facilities might change ownership during their lifecycle or might need to be certified that they fo

...e project are identified. It is possible to repeat this step, as risks can change or new risks are discovered, all over the project's life cycle. The identif ... managers are used to trusting instincts rather than data. a deep cultural change is needed in that managers must adopt a different style, in which they lear

# Organisational change projects ...ts in the different categories can vary widely. For example organisational change projects deals with human dynamics, which sets certain requirements to the

... failure reasons for complex projects are because of re-prioritization and change in strategy <ref> name=''Lucidchart''</ref>. #Accommodation of change

...ctions element. The resource, monitoring, and risks are highly possible to change due to the little difference in actions for the projects. So actions elemen ...ibility. And the response to change and the way of reducing the effects of change on other following or undergoing activities.

...en. Furthermore, the vision and thereby the project vision statement might change in the middle of the project, as discoveries and new insights are made. The

...me is to manage unexpected changes and issues which might cause a need for change in the project.

... input points. Also, we cannot assume a stable working environment, things change. ... Not sticking to the original scope can change everything. Because of many change requests, this may add up on delayed projects or over-budget projects.

... use of normal routine procedures and in which stress is created by sudden change.”<ref name=Reactive> Loosemore, M., & Hughes, W. (2003). Reactive Crisis ... use of normal routine procedures and in which stress is created by sudden change.”<ref name=Reactive/>. Crises are also characterized by a high probabilit

...Kellerman"> Kellerman, B. (2008). Followership: How followers are creating change and changing leaders (1st ed.). Boston, MA: Harvard Business.</ref>. ... change in society. While Barbara Kellerman attributes this potential for change and influence to the degree of engagement, Chaleff states that it is courag

<ref name="Communication">Hayes, J. (2018), “The Theory and Practice of Change Management </ref>

... the project compared to the deliverables that cannot me changed without a change request. Furthermore, WBS is often incorrectly confused with the Organizati

...s required, and the organization. The composition of the project team will change as the project progresses towards hand over to the company’s delivery org ...ture is perceived to be the most difficult attribute of an organization to change and requires significant management attention over a very long period of ti

...hen changes arise. If the project manager is not able to deliver or handle change very well, the team and project could suffer negative consequences. Accord ... that “recognize[s], manage[s] and evoke[s] emotion in others to promote change.”<ref name=D></ref> The project manager has a lot of power when it comes

However, since projects are about creating value through change, interactions between projects and various components of their surrounding Projects are the drivers of organizational change in an environment that has already been established to be ever-changing, co

...an open, goal-oriented , socio-technical system in a tension state between change and stability. ... or refusal to take up further duties, so appropriate training of attitude change and encouraging treatment with comprehension and pressure is needed. But if

...positive or negative through outside influences (competitors circumstances change) or this measure. |Percent change or scale such as 1 to 10

*United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change <br />

...ighter, impacting product development - this might let a project fail or a change of direction on it with subsequent delays.<ref name="ComplexPM"/>

...me is to manage unexpected changes and issues which might cause a need for change in the project. According to PRINCE2 term, the outcome can be understood as a change caused by using the project’s output. For example, a user can do faster a

... surrounding activities, meaning that if the context of the project was to change, simply adding more nodes of activities or events and updating the correspo ..., is its need for constant rework and inflexibility, since any significant change calls for a new Gantt chart to be produced.

...cess in the project significantly. <ref name="JRod">The project manager as change agent (1st edition, 1999). Leadership, influence and negotiation. Turner, J '''The Project Manager as Change Agent: Leadership, Influence and Negotiation''' 1st edition.

... ''Change and Effect: Five Principles for Implementing Real Organizational Change'', p.2, (2017)</ref>. ...gram components that have the purpose to enable the desired organizational change when combined.

...R. ''The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change.'' 25th anniversary edn. Simon & Schuster (2013) </ref> ....R.: The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change'''

...y of thinking and make them take the responsibility for their task? How to change the work culture and have more bottom-up initiatives? The topic of motivati ... to achieve high levels of performance and overcoming barriers in order to change."<ref name="aaa">Project Management Institute. (2017). A guide to the Proje

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'''Change Management''' refers to the activities, tools and methods used to identify, [[Change Management Resources]]

== Change Orders (CO) == ...-projects.org/index.php/Change_order visited 03-03-2020</ref> is a general change from the original plan, e.g. in the project plan and the planned design, wh

...n has, and impact is the ability of the stakeholder to bring out a desired change.

... a program can require high-level management, important founding and broad change within the organization. This can lead to challenges and difficulties durin ...mic process, new opportunities may arise or the initial business goals may change. Hence, it is useful to be reviewed whether the formerly identified outcome

...dentifies the associated activities, processes, and systems needed for the change driven by the realization of benefits; the required changes to existing pro ...ime-consuming. There are four main benefit types<ref name="c4m">Centre for Change Management, Course Material on Benefits Management (https://c4cm.co.uk/Cour

The last one include the tools used to manage risk and change in the project. ... will get from the project and, secondly, how they will be affected by the change.

...ovide a better overview of the whole picture, and make the process for any change tangible.

...of scope in the project will properly cost more and/or take longer time or change in cost will affect the other two factors.

| style="text-align: center; background-color:#ffffff;" | [[Change Management Resources]]

1. Change Management : - Kotter’s 8-step change model - Managing Change: A process perspective

...ect managers should realize where to make modifications or bargains should change be justified. ...nd reflecting the bigger the opportunity becomes for finding the necessary change that solves the investigated problem.

...pdated accordingly to the Project Management plan through a organizational change request.

... are important differences in the protective field and it was necessary to change many aspects during the project planning and scheduling. As was mentioned ... are important differences in the protective field and it was necessary to change many aspects during the project planning and scheduling. As was mentioned a

* be dynamic, iterative and responsive to change ...to positive action of the employees, depends on their expectation that the change, or the project, will deliver the promised benefit.

...assified e.g. in tangible or intangible. <ref name="TCOCM">"The Centre for Change Management", Benefits Management Course Material (2011). http://www.c4cm.c

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As the project goes on, the landscape of risk may change. New risk’s may occur and probabilities can in- or decrease. It is theref ====Change agent theory====

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...anage, monitor and control the project work and how to performe integrated change control. Finally, the chapter describes how to close the project. ...anage, monitor and control the project work and how to performe integrated change control. Finally, the chapter describes how to close the project.

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'''Title: Change - Managing Successful Projects''' ... to an effective change control and it describes the recommended issue and change control procedure.

'''Title: Stakeholder Management in Change Programs''' ...:''' This Wiki article introduce the concept of stakeholders management in change programs. The article explains the importance of the stakeholders in these

...s and issues. Furthermore, the chapter illustrates the concepts of control change and configuration management. Finally, it describes how risk and issue mana ...s and issues. Furthermore, the chapter illustrates the concepts of control change and configuration management. Finally, it describes how risk and issue mana

...es, poor management, unqualified personnel,dated technology, resistance to change, weak value proposition, small market share, etc.

PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) is a four step model used to carry out change. <ref name="PDCA">Alyoubi, M., Alqahtani, J., & Aziz, A. A. (2017). Quality * Plan: Acknowledge an opportunity and plan a change.

... process is that it allows for faster and more adaptive response to market change, high visibility of the project, forces more attention to quality of execut

...cenarios. One of the main disadvantages is that one change in the data can change all the possible outcome and therefore the route to follow [h7], including

...has, and impact is the ability of the stakeholder to bring out the desired change.

.... (2015). Benefits – a necessity to deliver business value and a culture change but how do we achieve them? Paper presented at PMI Global Congress 2015—N .... (2015). Benefits – a necessity to deliver business value and a culture change but how do we achieve them? Paper presented at PMI Global Congress 2015—N

|[[Change Orders in Construction Projects]] |[[ISM Principles of Change]]

* Change title to something along the lines of "Evaluating project success and failu An interesting observation found in the literature is project perception can change over time. The focus of this sections an example of project that failed ini

...d preventive actions<br> b. Adaptation and agile<br> c. Scope creep<br> d. Change requests

...ns (CAPA)]]<br> '''b. Adaptation and agile'''<br> c. Scope creep<br> '''d. Change requests'''<br> e. Resilience management

...ine Park in Australia. However, in the most recent years, there has been a change toward an increasing need to manage conflicting maritime uses <ref name="fi ... sustainable. Social preparation activities alone will not cause people to change unsustainable practices and behavior. More severe actions are needed such a

...e moment a change is checked into version control and the moment that this change is running in production. This phase of work includes Testing and Operation ... is most important. These ERP-like systems typically show a slower pace of change and are subject to regulatory and compliance requirements. The focus is on

...uality. The definition and formulation of the model and its ground pillars change according to sources. In some models, a fourth pillar is included, the Scop ...el must be recreated multiple times through the project, as the boundaries change. The Iron Triangle is simple, and it is easy to identify whether the projec

... is intended to be set up and planned immediately, involving a significant change in benefits from the outset and very little execution effort.

...ects need a systematic approach to control the issues that may result in a change to the iron triangle constraints.<ref name="prince2">Axelos. (2017). Managi ...at can occur in the life of a project. The fact that projects can and will change presents challenges for the project managers and the iron triangle can help

...th the execution of a projects strategy. Strategies and methods can easily change while it is more difficult to affect behaviours. Human behaviour is a key f ...dings: “About 65 percent of initiatives required significant behavioural change on the part of front-line employees – something that managers often fail

...of analytical methods to reach decisions) and identify him or herself as a change agent.

... and task are also drivers of conflicts. Individuality and the pressure to change according to the tasks assigned can often result in anger and depression on ...am members typically respond emotionally in this stage, especially towards change and cristicism. This resistance against the team structure is normal in the

... them visible in order to solve them, but unfortunately many organisations change Scrum to adapt to those inefficiencies instead of solving them.”''<ref na ...s point is important in order to avoid possible barriers caused by fear to change.

... related to the project or be more of a personal preference. The style can change and evolve through time, based on the factors in play each time. Characteri ...</ref>. According to the PMI standards a leadership style of a manager can change and evolve through time, which the Grid does also reflect, by suggesting im

...rom Marketing Has Left for the Day: How to use behavioral design to create change in the real world, authored by Morten Münster 2017 </ref>. System 2 uses s ...roject period, which means that we as project managers must be prepared to change and adapt <ref> How the integration of System 1-System 2 thinking and recen

...tes, and this need comes before the need for safety and social needs. This change can be considered as an effect of increased socialization due to the intern ...e nature is to change. As the assumption that ''the order of needs cannot change'' can be considered the weakest point. It is important to understand the a

...es reassessment: Is the objective still worth pursuing? If so, what can we change to achieve it?

3. '''Understanding emotions:''' Knowing how people's feelings may change given different circumstances (="affective forecasting"), as well as being ...effectiveness of whole organizations depends on how each distinct part may change each other for the better (or worse!) through feedback <ref name="Goleman19

...ber of years that current reserves would last if their rate of use did not change"<ref name=R/P> Oxford University Press: ''[[Energy Systems and Sustainabili ...ite high. In regards to carbon dioxide, one of the main drivers of climate change, producing one unit of energy using coal emits 40 % more carbon dioxide tha

These characteristics vary from individual to individual and change only slightly over the course of a lifetime. Nevertheless, there are influe

...de at work and their relationship with others depends on many factors that change over time. Therefore, the managerial system must be flexible in order to co

*Implementing and recording change(s) needed to correct and prevent the identified problem(s)