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...yright infringement on the site, please inform thereof by sending an email to ophavsret@dtu.dk.'' ... Rainer, and Peter Troxler. “No More Muddling Through: Mastering Complex Projects In Engineering and Management”. Web. 2006</ref>, who propose the use of t

... the construction industry from manufacturing industries, e.g. duration of projects, the nature (repetitive or one-of-a-kind), etc<ref name="Gao2014"> Gao, S. ... (1) Lean Construction is about how Lean Production methods can be applied to construction, and (2) Lean Construction is a new, theory-based methodology

... wastage. To maintain a sustainable and justified project, it is necessary to apply some approaches seeking towards a decreased amount of wastage. One o .... With other words LEAN is an efficient management technique which strives to meet the customer in eye level and offer them an instant customized product

...the complexity within a process and how it interrelates. It is another way to illustrate and understand the cause and effects of the process, by linking ...aig W., 1998.] </ref> An example of a feedback loop is shown in the figure to the right.

...iew of the importance of managing different types of stakeholders in order to ensure a suitable stakeholder involvement. ...e in order to be able to integrate all of the stakeholders’ contribution to the project in the best possible way.

...ise them. This type of analysis works as a macro analysis, not only framed to contain a specific area of investigation, but takes into account all the di ...ng centrality algorithms, are discussed and examples are provided, showing how these can be beneficial in e.g. project management.

...ents on the basis of the needs, to specify what the product is supposed to do. Requirements engineering is regarded as crucial in a development process, ...d be noted that, if a reference is in the end of a section, then it refers to the whole section.

... J. Snowden (born 1 April 1954)<ref name="About"/>, and is used by leaders to determine the context of a situation, so they can make appropriate choices. ...lex, chaotic and disorder</b>. Each of which requires different approaches to [[leadership]] style. <ref name="HBR"/><ref name="HBS"/>

...der to act appropriate and create sustainability, the management often has to consider these aspects and constraints not only from their own point of vie ...verview of the stakeholders and can serve as a foundation for planning how to deal with stakeholders. Dealing with stakeholders can contain both communic

...lot], however including the variables size and colour, the user can get up to four dimensions of data in an easily understandable two-dimensional chart. ... question if a tool as simplistic as the bubble chart can add real support to the decision making in Project Portfolio Management?

... Portfolios. Due to dependencies or strategy alignment, selecting the best projects does not necessarily result in the best portfolio]] ...ing intensity of competition and fast technology changes have pushed firms to develop

...pending on the problem they could get different importance, thus it adapts to specific situation. The four steps are: ...st R. and Troxler P. (2006). ''No More Muddling Through Mastering Complex Projects in Engineering and Management'', Rotterdam: Springer.</ref>

...ications, stakeholders and flows of different resources and is very simple to use. The good project result is always based on the well-defined task and w ...kman & M. Kok & A. van der Veen (2005), Mental model mapping as a new tool to analyse the use of information in decision-making in integrated water manag

'''The scope''' for this Wiki article is to investigate the similarities and differences between standard best practice ...ic "requirements management" focus of systems engineering could contribute to improve project management practices.

...scribes the central tools and knowledge, which can be applied to a project to secure a successful project. The standard is based on the modern views of p ...=annual />. By the increasing numbers of certification holders it is clear to see that the standard is being widely accepted and the importance and impac

...list several elements which can be used in the process of managing risk in projects, portfolios and programs.. ...d for Risk Analysis will be mentioned and explained briefly, but (in order to allow the full use of the wiki) not be described in detail. Some of them mi

.../Project_portfolio_management Project Portfolio Management] (PPM) software to ease the decision-making. ...er, after the implementation of such software systems many executives fail to see the promised results emerge in their organization.

... customers better service or product, within the time and cost agreed, and to the extent expected by them. Lean Project Management (LPM) seeks precisely ...cial step from a Lean perspective. For this reason more attention is given to the idea of continuous improvement and kaizen. Finally, a final discussion

...bject matter. In addition to all content being new, the article is brought to a higher level by creating a clear thread, using recently published referen ...fting customer demands and emerging technology, to mention a few examples. To remain competitive, organisations must adapt through process optimisation,

...re ”''The Agile Manifesto''” was introduced, that the approach started to become increasingly popular, especially in the software industry. The Agile ...covering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. We value:

... managers. The dilemma is that often a project manager does not know where to find the expertise and right person within the organization (Belbin, 2010). ...Belbin’s team development-concept will help to ensure the right teams in projects.

...and objectives to which any product or service must conform and are common to all development and other engineering activities”'' and requirements mana ...ify, control and communicate these requirements, and to manage any changes to these requirements, at any time in the project process.

...n an efficient way allows the team to evaluate risks together and identify to what extent they can prevent these risks from happening. Documenting risks ...e risk register is the tool that should be constantly updated and referred to; it is the centre of all processes and decisions.

...rd risk management framework, which can be used by any organization on any projects regardless of its size. NOTE: This article might be similar to other articles; Risk analysis, risk register, Risk management strategy in p

...ness strategy. Prioritizing and separating high priority from low priority projects could be a challenging process considering that company’s available resou ...fying customer requirements during the design phase. Moreover, QFD is used to support strategic as well as operational decisions within a company.

...ater failure in the future. This article is intended as inspiration to see how embracing your failures serves as a philosophy in your company culture by d ...r end products by the Embracing Failure methodology. The article will seek to answer the following two research questions:

...es the basis for customization to a specific need. Finally it is described how the different A3 reports can be used as tools for solving challenges in pro ...=(Ko, 2013)>''Ko, C. H., & Tsai, P. C. (2013). Applying Lean Production A3 to Enhance Construction Work Flow. Life Science Journal, 10(2).'' </ref>.

...s that are required to manage a collection of projects and programs needed to achieve stratetic business objectives.<ref name="PPM"> Blichfeldt & Eskerod ..., 539-553 (2012)</ref>. However, project risk management is only effective to a limited extent because it lacks a portfolio wide view. <ref name="Conting

...s of the project. To create a motivational atmosphere it is also important to focus on communication and on involving the volunteers. ...nske Spejderkorps was also loosing members for some years, but has managed to turn this tendency around and has been growing in numbers since 2008.<ref>

...ing with [[Agile Project Management]]. Scrum can be used in different size projects and can also be used for Program and Portfolio management. The article will ... 12, 2013</ref> in 1986 <ref name=one/>. While Jeff Sutherland was the one to apply the concept and tweak it for then introducing it together with Ken Sc

...icult to diagnose; after time… it becomes easy to diagnose but difficult to cure.” (Machiavelli, 1514) <ref>[Niccolo Machiavelli “The Prince”]</r ...t turns out to be harmful to the project it is in general terms considered to be a risk.

... where they want to be in the future and hot to manage the change required to getting there. ...ag369-382''</ref>. Moreover literature on how change management is applied to, integrated with project portfolio and impact project portfolio success has

...xity 1.Cost, 2.Schedule, 3.Technical the framework recognizes and elevates to the same status two other 4.Context and 5.Financing. ... environmental policy dictate the design solutions for most transportation projects. <ref>Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2006). Design-build effective

...nto a wide pool of talent from various locations.<ref name="cio">CIO. "How to manage a virtual project team". http://www.cio.com.au/article/368495/how_ma ...ed a project, where some or even all of the members were remotely located. How different is managing a virtual project team from a co-located team? Are th

...he handling essential. Stakeholder has different influence and interest in projects and must therefore be treated in individual ways. Stakeholder analysis proc ...ofessor in Ethics and Law) and Preston (Professor in Business) in 1995 not to be a single theory, but a set of theories for the management of stakeholder

...es. Additionally a quick switch between tasks and task chains is desirable to make sure the project is on schedule. A simplified comparison between tradi ...nvisioning the project network and in managing it afterwards, in constrast to dealing solely with specific technical aspects as the before mentioned meth

...project management. In order to deal with that, the board of directors has to design project management best practices for the company. ...eficit and the government, who finances the company, put a lot of pressure to make the company profitable.

...d the attention on group dynamics and methods of group formation, in order to assign successful project groups with high performance. ... and it is important to understand how to make use of these skills and how to interact with different team members.

... will look at the scope of using Key Performance indicators (KPI) in order to assess progress within project, program and portfolio management. *How to define and implement KPIs, as well as how they are normally presented

... for meetings. They are essential for collaboration and decision making in projects and they revolve around key project management activities such as cost, sch ... and cost. Project managers can use their responsibility as an opportunity to implement strategies for creating and managing effective meetings.

...fore crucial to manage scheduling closely. A project schedule includes the projects milestones, deliverables and deadlines, etc. with duration estimate. The schedule is used for planning and to foresee when a project is estimated to finish. A critical path is a sequence of activities that determines the sho

...jects. In order to minimize uncertainties and unforeseeable events related to a project, risks are identified and managed throughout the project lifecycl In order to control and manage risks, the Risk Management Process (RMP) is used. RMP is

...the project and the time span over which the costs and benefits are going to be spread<ref> ...n, however, related on how the projects should get the money from in order to run.

...tainty converse all of the environmental conditions in which a project has to operate, e.g. costs of people or materials, etc. <ref name= Taylor> Taylor, ...o> Geraldi, Joana | Thuesen, Christian | Oehmen, Josef | 2016 | "How to DO projects" | Uncertainty |(Version 0.5)</ref>

...omplete project activities. And to do this the project manager needs tools to identify which team members fits into which team role and here can Belbin's ...tions, the Worlds Bank and thousands of organizations throughout the world to enhance individual and team performance. <ref name="Belbin_associates"> 201

...nager must be able to analyze the situation and chose the correct approach to conflict management based on the information he or she has available. In do ...ational Conflict provides a framework for assessing and acting accordingly to the type of conflict.<ref name="Book2">''Jones, Gareth. 7th, 2013. Organiza

...oftware development published 1991 broadened usage of the technique aiming to continuous development of valuable software. <ref> ''http://www.scruminc.c *Responding to change over following the plan <ref> ''http://agilemanifesto.org'' Manifest

...evertheless, the V-Model is still widely used and is an interesting method to approach project management in a very structured way. In what follows, many ... stakeholders, artefacts to document the project, and management mechanism to ensure a relevant management style.<ref name="NumberOne">“Fundamentals of

...hods were developed, focusing on alternative risk measures that could lead to linearization of the portfolio optimization problem <ref>Sharpe, W. F. (197 ...te projects taking in consideration the interaction and influence of other projects.<ref>Thorp, J. (2003). The information paradox: realizing the business bene

...uence the risk reduction of project failures. In this article we are going to illustrate the so-called PRINCE2 method, focused on processes and continue ...factors on investigating, evaluating, attaining & capitalising on Prince2 (Projects in Controlled Environments) Project Management certification.''</ref>

...lly important to control how the different tasks are progressing. In order to get an overview of the current situation of the project, we should compare ...the performance of the project at any time, but also analyze future trends to estimate the cost and time of completion of the project.

...ed location as main unit of analysis. The results were ground breaking due to the fact that around 380 m2 were built per day of construction. The 102 lev ... critique has been raised about the CPM-method in relation to construction projects, as it does not sufficiently support construction management during executi

...anagement point of view. First, the extreme mathematical complexity needed to treat some problems is an important limitation. Secondly, the presumed rati ...and more rational perspective for the manager that can be used in addition to usual managerial skills.

...n added benefit is that the perceivable metric often creates a common goal to '''increase the pace''' within the project team. ...the project team. Each sprint is usually followed by a grace-period of 0.5 to 1 week during which a sprint review and sprint retrospective is usually hel

... management tools. It will also explore the usage of this method in todays projects, its advantages and limitations. ...ed long before the deadline and most of the people attributed this success to PERT.

...a good idea for a company to use Lean as project management tool, in order to maintain their competitiveness. ...ect management tool. Lean can even be ineffective and destructive compared to other project management tools, in some cases. The theory will be supported

...ions/multi-project-management''] ''Description of a MPM'' </ref>. You have to be careful about information you can share or not while staying meaningful ...gether. MPM is often understood as just many single projects that you have to achieve one by one reaching each deliverables planned. So,MPM is located be

...day’s projects, where, they tend to require changes very frequently, due to a number of reasons such as Stakeholders changing their mind often, news ab ...itable to face the common unexpected changes that come up during today’s projects.

...the processes involved on each stage of the development procedure in order to fit the Startup’s strategy. ...ementing a PPM system in a Startup. It is left for the readers’ criteria to evaluate the suitability of each tool, model or method in their own context

...t activities within a project as many different computer programs can help to create a Gantt Chart fast and easy. ...uld be can be a hard choice. As many programs are available it can be hard to find a program that fits the specific needs one might have. Therefore a lis

...ined before the method becomes useful. The main principle with the CCPM is to strip off the risk of starting the project late or finish it early, and ins ...to be a thinker who motivated others to think. He encouraged his listeners to consider their business practices again with a fresh, new vision. <ref> [ht

...ains why we have so many mice than elephants”''<ref>Taleb, N.N. Learning to love volatility. The Walls Street Journal</ref> ...ility in order to improve and grow. In this sense, nature gives the answer to high volatility in organizations.

... a complex undertaking with special needs regarding planning and execution to assure its continued spread and cost effectiveness. ...re they have to be involved during the whole construction process and have to be kept informed right from the beginning when the project idea was born.

...ss. In short it is used to reduce changes in orders because it is possible to satisfy the stakeholders even before the construction phase begins and this ...ign and construction virtually. VDC operates with dimensions going from 3D to 6D.

...nvolved. This approach analyzes how uncertainties and risk are created and how they can be managed by the means of Lean Construction principles. ...ement of construction projects is the concept of Lean. The idea of Lean is to eliminate what does not add value from the perspective of the customer. In

...ith the passage of time will be explained while finally a discussion about how Gantt chart is related with other methods will be listed. ...ntensive in western countries that any other chart similar to this, tended to be associated with Henry Gantt by taking also his name. The Gantt chart was

... Review Technique), CPM (Critical Path Method) and GANTT are the most used to plan into details a project, prevent uncertainties and avoid risk. These th ... hand it’s an important tool to prevent in advance future situations and to promptly identify future issues that can compromise the success of the proj

...hat will have an affect on a project, and how to win them over. It is used to identify all key stakeholders and analyze their needs. ...ect and act to prevent potential misunderstandings about and/or opposition to the policy or program; and increase support for a given policy or program.

... Lean nowadays is applied throughout all departments in a company in order to eliminate as much waste as possible and thus increase profits. .... It incorporates the standards of the PMI while giving guidance on where to focus when being lean and setting up a Lean Project. The article then focus

...of view, the programs developed into a company and finally, the individual projects inside the organization. ...s of both methodologies, from the 7 waste tool for Lean project management to the Define-Measure-Analyse-Improve-Control(DMAIC) system from Six Sigma. So

...t in any business. Managing complex systems is therefore a core competency to successfully run any business. ...ons to face many small tasks instead of a really big one, what can be hard to manage or even picture it in the managers’ mind.

... to develop software. Consequently, team productivity is boosted, in order to deliver software that can meet and exceed the needs and expectations of end [[File:RUP.png|450px|right|thumb| Figure 1. The iterative model graph shows how the process is structured along two dimensions]]

...differences from a contracting perspective. The purpose of this article is to analyse the stakeholder management when '''contracting''' a large construct ...roject goes according to the project plan. The main contractor is expected to oversee and involve subcontractors and suppliers, along with managing the o

...elps organizations understand what they are achieving and what they wanted to achieve. ...em in project management but also what challenges and limitation there are to the tool.

...liverable-oriented project in hierarchical order. The primary objective is to support the project manager by giving an overview of different steps, resou ... keep update this document because believed valid and useful. In 1968, due to its success, the Department of Defense released "Work Breakdown Structures

... on 22 September 2015.</ref>. An RAM template and example will be provided to gain a deep understanding and will describe the project management simulati ...due to a poor management, to an unusual project, to when teams are allowed to self-organize, etc.

...used to monitor if the project follows the time schedule and it allows you to identify slack time (free resources)<ref name="Ver09"/>. ...ptimization of the schedule, resource planning and control of construction projects<ref name="Fon62"/>.

... mind, and the related cognitive biases that follows; can be used as tools to better deal with high-risk decisions in an inherently dynamic and complex w ...plexity and the thinking behind “engineering systems” is necessary, as to explain their relevance and usefulness.

... applied in Lean Thinking. Additionally some examples will be given in how to approach Lean Tools in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management Pr ...ia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing Lean Thinking]''': Eliminate waste in order to maximize customer value with less resources.<ref>http://www.lean.org/WhatsL

...s of which one mechanism (say automatic equipment to track an airplane and to compute its probable future positions) affects another mechanism (say a gui <ref name="Warren">, Warren W. Weaver (1949), ''Recent Contributions to the Mathematical Theory of Communication (1949)'', http://www.panarchy.org/

...ganization, time schedule and the resources which are available. Succesful projects are normally achieved by doing thoroughly groundwork of the idea. ...s can be called “project” but they are actually programs as they star to extend indefinitely and cover broader, less specific business objectives.

...d construction projects all over the world. It leads to conflicts and even to great business relationships being destroyed. The reason is often that comp ...d needs and lack of alignment of expectations are just some of the reasons to project change.

...roblems during the project will not reoccur later in the project or future projects ...velopped internal risk management models and capital calculations formulas to deal with anticipated risks, as the international risk regulation <ref name

...ated with the use of BIM. These benefits have changed the way construction projects are managed, and can be considered a milestone in project management. Despi ...dingSMART Finland 2012, “Common BIM Requirements 2012: Management of BIM projects"</ref>.

...M) is a method to plan, execute, manage, and control both single and multi projects, which emphasizes the effects of resource allocation and activity duration ...f name="FR">Marris P., (2011), ''La chaîne critique pour réduire le time to market et accroître la productivité'', STP PHARMA PRATIQUES vol.21 N°5</

...xplained and management a tool, impact/probability matrix, will be applied to be a part of the process. ...t risk, people often link it together with uncertainty, while others refer to it as opportunity. Risk can also be defined as a combination of the probabi

...ies is to examine the outcomes and the lessons learnt from various similar projects that have been completed in the market from similar organizations and thus, ...ikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_indicator ''indicators''] that companies use to assess their performance during the process of benchmarking. These indicato

...e from 15 October 2002</ref> Afterward Novo Nordisk obtained more know how to continuously improve the model and today the project managers work after th ...of PEM is investment projects, but can easily be adopted to non-investment projects as well.

...mance. The learnings and techniques from the HRO’s can be implemented in projects and in organizations who want a higher reliability. ...and organizations are able to reliably deliver the task they were asked to do.

...etitive was to create something that the big companies would never be able to replicate: an innovative fast-moving organisation. ...lyse the leadership of Lars Kolind in order to highlight which points lead to the successful implementation of the change.

...t. Lean project management is a production management-based approach aimed to make planning more effective and slim production. This is achieved through ...help minimize uncertainty, which, in the chain of events, can further lead to risk mitigation.

...day’s projects, where, they tend to require changes very frequently, due to a number of reasons such as stakeholders changing their mind often, news ab ...itable to face the common unexpected changes that come up during today’s projects.

...ho pay for low risk and project uncertainty. <ref>[''Managing Construction Projects''] ''Winch, G.M. (2010) Chapter 5.4.5, Second edition, Wiley-Blackwell'' </ ...could leave the contractor, designer or the consultant dangerously exposed to unexpected responsibilities and risks. However, without risks there will no

...rs’ motivation, as it’ll cause loss of luster and distinctiveness, not to mention the time consumption! That is just one of many mistakes and issues related to milestone planning.

...es. Additionally a quick switch between tasks and task chains is desirable to make sure the project is on schedule. A simplified comparison between tradi ...nvisioning the project network and in managing it afterwards, in constrast to dealing solely with specific technical aspects as the before mentioned meth

...fectively managed risk in hospitals, airport security, construction sites, projects, programmes, portfolios and in so many more circumstances help societies ac ...onitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities.

...ion within a wider scheme of it's creation and it's use, it will enable us to understand the method more holistically, thus improve it's application and ...a. It's my hope that these criteria will enable primarily project managers to improve their understanding and application of visualizations in project ma

... changes, in these conditions most of the models used in the 20th century to develop software are not still appropriate.[[Wikipedia:Waterfall model | Wa ...ering with a particular focus on the flexibility of these methods in order to cope with the customers' and markets' needs; surely [[Wikipedia: Agile Soft

...rent stakeholders or members of the team come from and use the differences to your advantage. This article focuses on the challenges, which should be dea ...Borders. Aldershot: Gower, 2007. 21-42. Print. '''Summary:''' Introduction to culture in GPM. Description of Hofstede’s and Thrompenaars’ cultural di

...ki/Copenhagen Copenhagen], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark Denmark] to a multi-national contractor with a turnover of 6.5 billion Danish kroner (1 ...ted together with implications from the case that can hopefully contribute to other companies not suffering the same fate.

...e likely to have significant consequences for a project, because no action to mitigate, prevent or make a plan B can be done. By applying the correct met ...any initial phase as preparation, but when conditions change over time, so do risks. By repeating the process, the risk manager is always aware of risks,

...directives. .<ref name="Managing"> G.M.Winch (2010), Managing Construction Projects, Chapter 5.4.1 ,Second edition, Wiley-Blackwell.</ref> ...nt for the entire execution of the project, and is responsible for the day-to-day overview on the construction site.

...ders is to not only know how to gain competitive advantage, but rather how to maintain it. ...ibility, ethics and environmental preservation. This has led organizations to employ various types of methodologies that ensure agility in the implementa

...d optimization of complexity in enterprises. Effects of complexity pertain to all business processes along the value chain and hence complexity managemen ...rces?" That is what portfolio management is all about: resource allocation to achieve corporate product innovation objectives.

...ncial reward of successful oil extraction was large enough for the lenders to accept the risk of failure. ...st Guardian newspaper article on PFIs in the UK]</ref>. one of the largest projects using this method being the channel tunnel between England and France<ref n

...differences from a contracting perspective. The purpose of this article is to analyse the stakeholder management when '''contracting''' a large construct ...roject goes according to the project plan. The main contractor is expected to oversee and involve subcontractors and suppliers, along with managing the o

...M) is a method to plan, execute, manage, and control both single and multi projects, which emphasizes the effects of resource allocation and activity duration ...f name="FR">Marris P., (2011), ''La chaîne critique pour réduire le time to market et accroître la productivité'', STP PHARMA PRATIQUES vol.21 N°5</

...ders is to not only know how to gain competitive advantage, but rather how to maintain it. ...ibility, ethics and environmental preservation. This has led organizations to employ various types of methodologies that ensure agility in the implementa

The methods of network-based analysis which are used to optimize the design and planning of a project are <span class="plainlinks"> ...gy is merged in a common method which is called PERT/CPM method. According to this, all the networks which are obtained by this method, they are called '

...nts of organizational effectiveness. The ability to learn is a key enabler to organizational success and competitive advantage ...tors should be included when conducting the learning. It is also important to include all stakeholders and all organizational levels.

...vely than in competing organizations. If knowledge is managed effectively, projects can be delivered successfully within budget and time. ...oject learning and knowledge creation; knowledge transfer and reuse across projects; and organizational memory and knowledge

...t in construction is to give a systematic approach to identify and respond to potential risks which may arise during the lifespan of a project. ...gement process before actually starting the construction project, in order to create a systemic, and analytically sound way of managing risks throughout

...a P, C. F. (2016). <i> Transition of Software Maintenance Teams from Scrum to Kanban </i>. 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences < ...f Kanban. Subsequently the section “Kanban Step-By-Step” describes how to use Kanban in a project management. Later an example of Kanban in a softwar

...ns which makes the model highly intuitive, even when complex decisions has to be made. For a project, program or portfolio manager who has to make many decisions AHP can be a help for standardizing and automating many

...yright infringement on the site, please inform thereof by sending an email to ophavsret@dtu.dk.'' ...logical level are presented and the key benefits are outlined. In addition to its’ primary area of application as a tool within project controlling, th

...uations is when the project manager or the craftsman is dominating leading to bad cooperation in the group. Precautions like this is important to be aware of when using the Last Planner System.

...ly implemented structured risks management methods to handle those threats to each and every project. The following article will try to offer a solution to that issue. As such it will define a risk and point out that risk managemen

...Furthermore, it could also help to resolve problems that occur later on in projects. ...ding and managing critical risk that can harm the project, a concept needs to be followed. RMP is a very robust approach that can be followed by risk man

...y stages of the project it could really help the NGOs to still provide aid to highly insecure areas. ...efits and objectives could not be reached. Finally, clusters are a new way to work together. It promotes innovation and is a unit with its own agenda ins

...me too complex. Through intelligent product rationalization it is possible to minimize revenue loss but ensure significant cost reductions, hence reducin ...to product variants, how to eliminate product variants effectively and how to ensure that benefits are captured. The progress and success of the project

... material in Networks and Integer Programming Supplementary at DTU - Notes to Networks and Integer Programming. Retrieved 04. September 2016 from campusn ...lled the <b>critical path</b>. This determines the shortest possible time to complete the project as well as which activities should be given a particul

...ifying, classifying and mapping the different stakeholders in construction projects, since the project otherwise could fail. ...zation that has an interest in, or can be affected by, or perceived itself to be affected by, any aspect of the project” - <ref name="iso" />

....org/wiki/Project_management_triangle Project Management Triangle]</span>. To guarantee that all project deliverables are achieved, it is very important ...ay be on budget whilst having accomplished less work than what was planned to be accomplished. On the other hand, a project may also be on budget while h

... by minimizing waste and constantly implementing reformation, all in order to increase the value for the customer. ...nstruction projects will be given. In the end, benefits and challenges due to implementation of the LPS tool are listed.

... executing and managing projects. The focus is on the project schedule and to reduce project changes and cost overruns by taking into account resource al ... can assist organizations to maximise project performances, which can lead to increased profit.

...ain factor in a project success. Therefore, for a project manager is vital to have the satisfaction of the different stakeholders under control. ...action is impacted by multiple factors during a project and it can be hard to directly manage it. However, it can be improved by understanding, aligning

A project manager has to be able to plan the project, handle the stakeholders, create a risk analysis plan, han The difference between a team that is highly motivated to solve a projects goal and a de-motivated team, could make the difference between a successf

... group development''' and draws upon psychological and managerial theories to enrich the model. ...ication of the Johari Model will be discussed in which the theoretical way to apply the model will be highlighted following two cases in two different se

...s an important tool for any organisation, as it can share knowledge across projects thus improve their project processes and elements as it will aid in avoidin ...ion. p. 6. USA. ISBN 9781933890517</ref>. The challenging task of managing projects can somewhat be aided through the usage of the tool, <span class=plainlinks

...pe the core problems and questions to assure consensus; there are 3 phases to follow: ... feedback (it can be done also online with virtual teams). It is used also to identify risks and opportunities, learning from mistakes, promoting a brain

...ct. Therefore, it is important to make use of numerous techniques in order to estimate cost fast and accurately. ... project managers use in order to estimate the cost of a project are going to be analyzed. These techniques are, the expert judgment, the analogous estim

... understand task relationships and they will be able to look farther ahead to ensure that everything is going as planned. ...manager can put in important deadlines or milestones, which helps the team to know if they are on time during the project.

...io management (NPV, DCF, see below), but might be more relevant as applied to R&D portfolio selection and optimization. R&D portfolios optimization is based on project valuation, and an alternative to classical, individual evaluation, methods such as NPV (Net Present Valuatio

...e project. Risk management is highly relevant and therefore present in all projects. ...’s unknown unknowns, the risk management process and response strategies to threats and opportunities.

...' Springer. [http://www.springer.com/de/book/9783642339226 Link]</ref> Due to this holistic approach, technology roadmaps are a valuable tool for program *'''To analyse and define''' the need for initiatives and/or programs as well as t

...ds can answer to each type of uncertainty and guide the project management to success in effective and efficient product development. # '''Select''' - Selecting the ideas to pursuit

...ues to project activities to meet the project requirement''. <ref> A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Fifth edition, Project Management ...r to manage a project, the sequential methods were largely used. According to these models, all the stages in a product’s life cycle are sequential.

...ated to describe to a programmer which functions you want in a program and how they should work and more than often the outcome of the project does not sa ...ast as possible i.e. Scrum is focused on fast output of tasks and adapting to changes in demand from the client or market. The output of the project is t

...l (2016) :” How to DO projects. DTU </ref> Lean design management works to define the the values of the project, and through collaboration incorporate ...r has a broader focus, with the emphasis on translating values and visions to a concrete project, securing maximum value for clients and providing a real

Communication and networks are two essential parts of projects that often is being neglected in project planning and project managing. ... Network Diagram is a good way of keeping track of who is the right people to manage in a project.

...m broadly used in many types of organizations to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external ...rementioned project. Evaluating these aspects separately would likely lead to a sub-optimization of one or more aspects, and consequently would make the

...ad predefined projects and was therefore more predictable. With predefined projects, the tasks involved in developing or manufacturing the final product could ...the agile framework, by using iterative and incremental processes in order to cope with the ever changing requirements and customers’ needs.

...). The decision variables will be which projects to initiate and which not to. This list provides the decision makers with a starting point, and argument ...rojects or activities to initiate that maximizes the benefits with respect to the scar resources available? This question seems simple, but in reality it

...logical market, decision-making within product-development/innovation have to be credible and solid. However, in the decision making process in product-d ...it will contain which parameters/criteria are key and appropriate in order to obtain an realistic and solid output when applying the DM, e.g. define the

...man; Bas Vodde (December 17, 2012). "The Scrum Primer: A Lightweight Guide to the Theory and Practice of Scrum (Version 2.0)."</ref> Furthermore is Scrum ...in the context of lean project management. To do so the lean principles of projects management will be outlines and later on the Scrum frame work transferred.

...most, to identify and mitigate all the new issues created by international projects, international project management requires unique methods, tools and techni ...method to '''identify all the challenges''' that ensues from international projects will be developed as, depending of the project, you can have quite differen

...ons. In order to build facilities technologically so advanced and valuable to them, the involvement of expert knowledge early on the construction process ...solved even before they become problems on the construction site and helps to reach project completion on time.

...ance of the portfolio, the cyclic evaluation and prioritization as well as to the tactical resource allocation.<ref name="rui" /> ...2" /> Hereby there are also given tools and guidelines enabling the reader to tackle the mentioned main challenges. Finally the article is concluded with

...s currently at. In extend to that, the model provides the basis for a plan to achieve continuous improvements and higher levels of maturity. The models a ...efinitions, which are as follows <ref name="BRO"> [''Using Maturity Models to Improve Project Management Practice''] '' Brooks, N.; Clark, R. 2009'' <

...the right participants and the right choice of approach and techniques not to mention distribution of the work session results. ...tation is also to get the knowledge of the participants into play in order to use the joint knowledge of the group that lets the group achieve more than

...re 2'' <ref name="PMI">The Project Management Institute, (2008). ''A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK ® Guide)'', 4th Edition. P ...uthor's experience gained from being a member of the organisation and aims to provide the base for future research on this case.

...roactive; processes and productions is being done right initially in order to eliminate defects and waste. ... 1980s and early 1990s, but the use of TQM is not too widespread today due to competition from other quality management systems such as Lean Manufacturin

...dia.org/wiki/The_Goal_(novel) "The Goal"]'', the methodology has continued to evolve and develop into many different fields including [https://en.wikiped ...f approaches to the development of software, one can expect the production to be a software that meets the goals of Software Engineering. <ref name="Soft

...at are the best practices for managing quality to satisfy the customer and to meet quality standards. ...ended function and performance, but also their perceived value and benefit to the customer”<ref name=ISO9000>ISO9000, 2015, Quality management systems

...yright infringement on the site, please inform thereof by sending an email to ophavsret@dtu.dk.'' ...nagement: An International Journal, Vol. 14 Iss 1/2 pp. 7 - 21 </ref>. But how can we, as individuals, reach a high level of efficiency and effectiveness

...the technique’s Austrian expert firm Geoconsult. The project was planned to start in 1994. ...rectly as a result of this scenario jeopardized the entire project and led to the tunnel collapse occurred in the night of October 21st, 1994.

In the globalized world we see today, there is a bigger need for managers to recognise, understand, and manage different cultures. This can both be when doing projects within an organization that works in different countries and when working w

..., design and installation of management systems, organizing transportation projects and so on. <ref name=''math''> Anon. (n.d.) ''Project Scheduling: PERT/CPM. ...the shortest time, which a project can take, by valuating a task according to its predecessors.

...change and divergent living standards. However, there is still a huge need to change the way in which companies and the society produce and consume goods ...>, containing 17 goals and 169 targets, integrated and indivisible, aiming to address the world behaviour on a sustainable path.

...last decades due to the significant benefits that provided in construction projects. ...dvantages and the limitations of the implementation of BIM in construction projects are identified.

...self. It’s therefore suggested that a process manager should be assigned to any given construction project, and whom would have a vital role for its su ... and methods as much as possible and largely tries to look at construction projects as a form of production.

...st work together and understand each other's needs and timeframes in order to have a successful cooperation and deliver on time. ...om can be either temporary or continuous, and the layout of the room needs to be changed accordingly. An example of an analog war room layout is shown on

... as a "technique for identifying and analysing factors that can contribute to a specified undesired event".<ref name="iso" /> ...ject. These undesired events that are to be analysed in a FTA are referred to as the top event.<ref name="krysinski" /><ref name="patrick" />

...d to be aware about significant uncertainties, which will undoubtedly face projects during different stages of its life cycle regardless its complexity and tim ...eat the risk and finally treat relevant risks in a structured way in order to avoid or at least mitigate any harm that may cause this certain risk.

...itive biases, sub-optimal decisions are often made''' highly impacting the projects outcomes. ... integration of these approaches that professionals can undertake in order to improve their Project and Program Management in their organizations.

...verybody can be satisfied and therefore, managers need to have the ability to communicate effectively and lead people towards the goals of the project an ... on empowering managers to communicate effectively and minimise resistance to change.

...hart?- Gantt Chart History http://www.gantt.com/index.htm</ref>This allows to see at a glance: ...lishnews.com/historia-history/5595-karol-adamiecki-and-polish-contribution-to-management-science]]

...for maintenance, evacuation in case emergency and supply for air. Compared to the 12 hours trip between London and Paris by rail and ferry, the tunnel ta ...roject was to create a fixed transportation link between the two countries to improve European trade environment and provide an alternative high speed tr

...man; Bas Vodde (December 17, 2012). "The Scrum Primer: A Lightweight Guide to the Theory and Practice of Scrum (Version 2.0)."</ref> Furthermore, Scrum i ...in the context of lean project management. To do so the lean principles of projects management will be outlined and reflected on Scrum.

...isions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition. ...lps building companies, individual users and government agencies to easily do some processes. One of the key benefits is a fast time management, fast com

...e out of the market. Differentiating from the market, will allow companies to "escape" the competitiors, and be in an ocean of their own. ...n advantage on the current market the blue ocean strategy is a strong tool to work towards sustainability. <ref name=Blue_Ocean_Strategy>W. Chan Kim & Re

...he groups. E.g. a functional group with programmers allows the programmers to help and learn from one another during working hours. This results in more ...th the project have to be in close communication with one another in order to maintain a common direction for the project. The functional structure puts

...ration>http://www.graphisoft.com/archicad/open_bim/about_bim/</ref> (click to zoom)]] ...isk for failure increases with it. Furthermore, the nature of construction projects, with their high value, long duration and multiple factors of uncertainties

...number of surprises and furthermore, improves the ability to manage future projects in an organization. ...ment tool helps identifying the deliverables and thereby, helping the team to organize and define the scope. Furthermore, the WBS helps the project team

The DMAIC-framework is a Six Sigma tool used to secure the best practice in planning and executing an engineering project. ... purpose is to improve and stabilize a current process, it is advantageous to apply the DMAIC-framework. The abbreviation DMAIC stands for the following:

...alyse stakeholders. The goals for the stakeholder management processes are to: * Maximise supportive stakeholder engagement in projects

...timal way will be the analysis of this article. It will explain how to get to the best way of preparing for a presentation of ideas. .... Within Project Deliveries the pitch comes in the end as the final step - to present the idea.

...img/files/CHAOSManifesto2013.pdf' </ref>. These are just a few examples of how difficult resource management planning can be. ...agement planning could for instance help project managers and project team to solve and answer questions like:

...d for their competences <ref name=''PMBOK''> ''Project Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide) 6th Edition (2017) b As a project manager, one of the key roles when facilitating a project, is to lead a given project team in the desired direction. This is done by utilizi

...its Realisation Management''' or '''BRM''', is a method used in management to define and measure the '''value''' that a project, program or portfolio man ...a project, program or a portfolio, this article will cover the BRM related to a program.

...g scope change including how the workflow is from sending a change request to the actual implementation of change. These aspects will be discussed in det ...® Guide <ref name = "PMI1">Project Management Institute (2017). ''A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) 6th edition''. Pag

...nd temporal terms. For all these reasons, the building business is moving to new frontiers, namely: Prefabrication. ...ce completed a comprehensive and exhaustive portfolio, customers will have to adapt their requests, depending on the products provided by the company.

...r help when needed. Also every team member will know which tasks are going to be done when, by who etc. This gives every team member an overview of the p ...ritical path and task owners in a project team. Some tools are required to do so.

...to be identified and mitigated as it can contribute to severe consequences to a project, program or portfolio. Depending on the level of the uncertainty ...ng & System Safety, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 64-74, 2011.</ref>. The capability to quantify uncertainty and the potential impact in decision context is critic

...ent techniques is that excess multitasking is avoided and focus is shifted to resources and early finishes instead of specific deadlines and strict order ... Inventory. The Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) Method is also introduced, in order to ensure that the plant will produce only what is necessary, avoiding wastes

...he writes about the root causes of project failure and the steps that need to be taken in recovery attempt (like choosing the Recovery Project Manager). ...'Recovery Project Management: Techniques and Tactics For Reversing Failing Projects'', International Institute for Learning, 2010</ref>

... tool can be found.Therefore, the reference can be examined as very useful to obtain basic understanding about the tool' </ref> ...f Gantt Chart usage is explained. It is really nice paper to read in order to investigate the relation between the production and scheduling processes wi

... the project in the best possible way. The basic idea behind the method is to identify all the dependencies and interactions between the tasks and point This article analyses the Critical Path Method. It takes a closer look at how to use the method and discus the advantages and limitations of the method.

...nding of the gains of safer and more environmentally friendly concepts are to help change the mindset of the industry. The concept of ''sustainability'' ...n style="font-size:120%; line-height: 2.1em;"><blockquote>''“The ability to continue at a particular level for a period of time.”''</blockquote></spa

...carbon emission from e.g. traffic, or waste from the construction site and to recycle non-used materials. ...red in a Wiki-article, which especially considers when/where to use or not to use a CCC.

... the project progresses. This way of planning is therefore less vulnerable to delays. When it comes to schedule managing methods in construction there are two overall ways the pr

...ovides a common language when talking about processes, and allowing people to operate solely based on facts. In this article, the introduction and implementation of VSM to the construction industry will be discussed. Initially a generic formulatio

... fields of projects espacially in construction process and in construction projects as it is technical demanding and the teams are large and diverse <ref>[''ht Different leadership styles will be presented and a description of how the most effective and appropriate leadership can be performed when the goa

...an increasing effort have been made to improve the quality of construction projects by a number of political initiatives<ref name="art1Kir">Schultz, Casper S., ...ypes of QC. The standard DS/ISO 21500 outlines different aspects that have to be considered when performing QC, why these are mentioned in the article. D

...ith the other stakeholders of the project and then finish with some advice to avoid most common pitfalls. ...ct Manager run parallel but are different from each other, it is important to know both what project sponsorship is and what it is not (this will be disc

...n goals are written down the rate of reach them is increased. Then what to do for time management and which tools can be used? ...<ref name="Winch">Winch, Graham M. (2010 2.edition), Managing Construction Projects, Wiley-Blackwell.</ref>

...ndustry that often encounters difficulties with keeping time schedules due to delays during the construction period. Concerning the construction manageme ...stry, where it is a method of forwarding materiel or work from one process to the next, at the moment where it is required at the succeeding process. Thu

...to choose those who are appropriate, competent and trustworthy. This leads to the lemon problem which attends the problem regarding asymmetry of informat ...ion by making a set of codified documents that suppliers can make a bid on to offer their construction services. From the respond the client can then cho

... for business to take action. One essential thought behind these goals was to make them famous, so that we all have common goals and know what we are fig ... its energy consumption with the lowest cost. However, the question is how to implement the SDGs in the construction industry. <ref>http://byggerietssamf

... continuously gives support and can be foreseen as something not intended to die. ...ork breakdown structure", is a tool which has some large benefits in order to obtain a good cost-, time planning and execution of the project. There are

...IMBIMBIM.png|400px|thumb|left|Figure 1: BIM during different phases (click to zoom)]] ...tly between the different users. More specific the article will go through how BIM enables the execution of the construction phase.

...tions can be made for surprises and it can be developed ability to respond to them when they happen. Risk management is a learning process through time, ...file will be discussed. This will include points that must be investigated to achieve a full risk profile. At the end risk profiles and its limitations w

...r. <ref name="Dreamcathcer"> Autodesk (2017). https://autodeskresearch.com/projects/dreamcatcher. (10-06-2017)</ref>. ]] ... great report recently stated that one of the main subjects to focus on is to infuse digital technology and advanced automation.

... an escalation of the transaction costs while the costs of production seem to be pushed down. <ref name="curtis"> Curtis, B., Ward, S. and Chapman, C., C ... from direct contact with the architect while the architects were required to produce complete designs before tender.<ref name="winch2">Winch, Graham M.,

...t continuously gives support and can be foreseen as something not intended to die <ref name="Mulcahy">Mulcahy, Rita. (2013), Rita Mulcahy’s PMP exam pr ...ich implies: History, description, application and limitations in relation to project management.

...rned about global warming effects. Thus, many countries are creating plans to construct only sustainable buildings in near future. ...that can lead humanity to achieve this aim. Many of those strategies apply to the construction sector.

...pportunistic behavior by the supplier. Consequently, the client might want to switch supplier. However, the costs of switching supplier are often high an ...e proceedings, and used Ludwig Wittgenstein’s idea of family resemblance to come up with a definition for alliancing. This definition will be presented

[[File:bli.PNG|400px|thumb|right|Use of risk management in construction projects<ref name="Martin" />]] ...management. With early realization of possible risk sources it is possible to mitigate high costs that other wise can threaten the project.

..., the strong owner concept will be presented, it is a framework looking at projects from the client's perspective. ... concept.<ref name=Winch <i>Winch, Graham M., 2010, "Managing Construction Projects, 2nd edition"</ref>]]

...cision making under risk, is the expected value of criterion also reffered to as the Bayesian principle. This is the only one of the four decision method ...or consequences of such an action. The objective of a decision analysis is to discover the most advantageous alternative under the circumstances.

...ined. The idea behind the article is to convey the two various aspects and how they have an influence on each other. ...he diverse cultures within an organization and how the leader must respond to these diverse cultures.

...ypes of QC. The standard DS/ISO 21500 outlines different aspects that have to be considered when performing QC, why these are mentioned in the article. D ...licies are essential. QC is a part of managing conformance in construction projects, and QC can continuously be improved by [[Total Quality Management]].

...n goals are written down the rate of reach them is increased. Then what to do for time management and which tools can be used? ...<ref name="Winch">Winch, Graham M. (2010 2.edition), Managing Construction Projects, Wiley-Blackwell.</ref>

..., when goals are written down the rate of reach them is increased. What to do for time management and which tools can be used? ...ing use of the 3D construction model and the time schedule which is linked to it, that gives 4D-Planning.The methods CPM and 4D-Planning will be explaine

...he higher the risks to which the project is exposed. In fact, construction projects face a very uncertain environment consisting of planning, design and constr Furthermore, the time to conclude a project can be very extensive and, with time, changes occur in p

...ndustry that often encounters difficulties with keeping time schedules due to delays during the construction period. Concerning the construction manageme ...stry, where it is a method of forwarding materiel or work from one process to the next, at the moment where it is required at the succeeding process. Thu

...ed about global warming effects. Thus, many countries are developing plans to construct exclusively sustainable buildings in the near future. ...that can lead humanity to achieve this aim. Many of those strategies apply to the construction sector.

Welcome to our Conceptbox - an online resource for project management tools, methods a ..., inspired by the Project Canvas and in line with the four perspectives on projects:

...h is desirable and possible to implement, wherein the encouraged tactic is to think of the impossible.<ref name="change">Rasmussen, L. (2011). Facilitati ...rein obstacles are identified and potentially create an action-plan on how to realise the project.

...d audience for the article is students new to project management and needs to understand what a Business case contains and its relevance. ...back period or Net Present Value(NPV) which is more comprehensive compared to the payback period analysis.

...ds can answer to each type of uncertainty and guide the project management to success in effective and efficient product development. #'''Select''' - Selecting the ideas to pursuit

... exemplifies that the intended benefits of using a clear goal hierarchy is to help an organisation achieve its goals while maximizing the value. ... it is intended to generate. The article will also provide examples of how to create a desirable goal hierarchy using the GBS method. This article will m

...imating time people are inclined to plan with optimistic biases. According to Buehler et al (1994) prediction without render and consider the past and hi ...f tasks in due time in predicting time depend heavily on the perception of how the certain person saw the delay happen.

...es where the objective is a constraint e.g. EU-research funding is limited to a certain cost. ...this project so that limits your work. However, you can add more resources to the project but that costs you money.

...ers to measure success (see Triple Constraint) but there a more objectives to evaluate success. A general tendency is that construction projects approach a wider success criteria method. It’s done by including new quan

...ey"/> When setting a goal, there are two important concepts that one needs to have in mind; '''''efficiency''''' and '''''effectiveness'''''.<ref name="l Efficiency shows how productively resources are used to achieve a goal and effectiveness is a measure of the relevance of the goal.

...ng outcomes have to be drawn from former project failure to improve future projects. ...s successful development. In case of just slight disharmony -> take time to reassess reasons and take corrective action. Understand stakeholders’ con

...s, tons of steal, etc. This can vary in levels of detail, from 1 parameter to several *Projects are rarely totally unique, often repetition of activities at lower levels o

...nager. <ref>PMI:Project Management Institute,''Project Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide)'', 6th Edition 2017 ... the unpredictable (known unknowns) or even the things that are impossible to foresee. And that is why we, as project managers need tools and learn from

...yright infringement on the site, please inform thereof by sending an email to ophavsret@dtu.dk.'' '''The Stage-Gate Process''' (also referred to as ''Phase-Gate Process'') is a project management tool, dividing the time

...lenge. Risks are quantified by using likelihood or probability of an event to occur and its impact on the outcome or situation. Risks then can be categor ...uction, safety and etc. and its criticality cannot be overlooked. In order to highlight the importance and challenges that are faced during risk quantifi

...ect life cycle theory and a specially developed framework, to provide help to the project manager in the different project phases. ...f different tools and theories, there is a need to explain these. in order to fully understand the end framework.

...oject management and commonly together with the critical path method (CPM) to control, plan and schedule. ...o costs for each activity. However, PERT use has been increasingly applied to all CPM scheduling.[1]

... it is called Kano model. This Article provides an overview, how to use it to find out the requirements, gives an example and represents advantages and d ...nt types, the model provides. The model gathers the needs of the customers to include them in the development of a product or service. <ref>

... risks with proportionally many potential risk responses it is challenging to treat all risks most beneficially for the project. ...to help providing factual justification for the treatment of each risk and to establish an overview is the '''decision tree'''. <br>

...od for product innovation, program or project, bringing ideas from concept to launch. Stage-Gate consists of five different stages<ref name="Stage"/>: ... stage. Dealing with risk and uncertainty is often one of many pitfalls in projects. Stage-Gate takes this into account, as the risk and uncertainty will decre

...as established for chemical industries, in order to evaluate risks related to the possible deviations of a project. ...ated, terminologies are clarified, and a preliminary HAZOP enables members to acquire sufficient knowledge about the studied system. The plant is divided

...outube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVgxZnRT54E|350|right| Introduction to Scenario Planning <ref name="caplice"/><ref name=boasson>Boasson, Y., (2004 ... where innovation and disruption has had everyone looking for the next way to flip over the table in the ever-changing markets. <ref name="amer">Amer, M.

...d reflect this learning back into their work. In other words, it will help to unpack complex problems, analyze stakeholder influence and understand pathw ...ul-when-used-to-plan-the-whole-policy-research-initiative/''] ''ROMA, used to plan policy change''</ref>

... technical, economic, environmental and political (STEEP) trends are going to affect it. The holistic integrated pictures of the future assist companies to both quantify and qualify their future policies and strategies creating an

...ial to address adjustments, optimizations, risks, limitations etc. related to a project at the very start. Hence a FS is an optional first stage of a pro ...of programs, but for the single projects included it will only be sensible to carry out FS for the latter type. For simplification, the aspects of a FS w

...eporting is the process of tracking, reviewing, and reporting the progress to meet the performance objectives defined in the project management plan. ...mation should be available in a time range that allows the project manager to eventually take effective corrective actions <ref>Project Management: Plann

...d the many uncertainty’s in a project. How to deal with human factors on projects will be the focus of this article. ...’s open culture and dynamics of company’s forces the work environments to constantly reform and evolve the workgroups. Because these groups often are

...n optimisation of scheduling and resource usage. Each task can be assigned to a specific resource (team member or employee) on a specific date in the cal ...or coordination and task allocations within development projects, semester projects (project conducted by 4-7 students during a semester term), or a bachelor/m

...ope creep are transparency, good planning and overview. Suggestions on how to handle scope creep are also given, if this is unavoidable. ...''how’s''” and is more focused on the work that needs to be completed to deliver a product, result or service. Product scope is on the other hand th

...yright infringement on the site, please inform thereof by sending an email to ophavsret@dtu.dk.'' ...ennsylvania: PMI, 2008, Chapter 3, 59) </ref>. Project success is relevant to project cost, completion date, customer expectations, performance, quality,

...intuition and reasoning. It is important to be wary of impulsive reactions to a situation, since hasty decisions may have big impact on a project, progra ...ined a set of decision-making skills which will help groups or individuals to choose the best possible alternative.

...ly developed by the car manufacturing company Toyota. It is often referred to as the 3 M's of waste in lean manufacturing. Lean manufacturing or lean production refers to a methodical approach to eliminate wastes in a manufacturing company without reducing productivity.

...cts that starts and ends, are the capabilities of the persons who lead the projects, the project managers. ...t the candidate is the right person. Even a track record of many completed projects are not a guarantee that the project manager will not wreck the organizatio

...t helps with the identification of benefits and their criteria in relation to specific organisational aims or objectives.<ref name=" Breese " /> ... the cost is significant higher than the value of the benefits, it is hard to justify its execution. By conducting a benefits map, the end document will

...ating effectively. In order to do that, it is first and foremost necessary to understand the network and the interdependency between teams. This is where ...s in communication with the intention of learning and improving for future projects. Lastly, the advantages and limitations will be reflected upon.

... Managers. For the sake of clarity, this method is applied to construction projects within the pharmaceutical industry. ...l as the organization's internal business processes have been censored due to confidentiality issues.

... need to put their focus. The framework gives the managers the opportunity to worry about the right things, instead of issues that are less important. If ... it has increasingly been a factor to be able to deliver successful change projects.

...is article mainly focuses on stakeholder expectations aspect mentioned. To do so, some basic concepts on stakeholder management will be introduced and ex The expectancy theory is introduced to establish basic understanding of expectations.

...evelopment methodology is a procedure used by an engineering team in order to create the desired product. ...on to each methodology, their pros and cons, and examples of use, in order to facilitate the decision whether Agile or Waterfall is more suitable for the

...of happening and how easy they are to fix or control. This allows the team to prioritise and better manage their risks. ...ill also touch upon tools that can be used in conjunction with the diagram to strengthen a project's management of risks. The article will be based on pr

...k control a process with four stages is used. First step in the process is to identify the risks, then assess the risks, treat the risks and at last revi ...bability and impact that events will occur and have. For P-AROM the key is to predict and manage these two values, done with different models, tools and

...pacts if not handled correctly. The project manager must therefore be able to make the best decisions based on the information available.<br> First the project manager must be able to localize risks and gather information on the problem.

...h F., (2013) INFORMATION FLOW COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND BIM-BASED PROJECTS IN THE DESIGN PHASE, Proceedings IGLC-21, July 2013, Fortaleza, Brazil, Ret ...industry and the level of implementation of BIM will be discussed in order to provide some background information. After this chapter, the levels of impl

...y new international regulation, which states that all aircraft must update to an ADS-B positioning system, which will increase safety and efficiency of a ...ied three aircraft types, from a potential set of five, that were suitable to upgrade.

...(BSC) is a strategic planning and management system that organizations use to connect the strategy elements such as vision, mission and core values with ... financial accounting. In his view, these financial reporting systems fail to measure or provide a basis for managing the value created by the organizati

... be well implemented, managed and coordinated. Project management develops to adapt and solve the gaps of it. This article reviews the importance of proj ...eir shopping experiences. However, it adds new challenges and complexities to the supply chain management.

...ease productivity, make the whole construction process faster and managing projects more efficiently if done the right way. ...o prevent stoppages in the production and workers waiting, every car needs to have the same pace. Results from various studies show that workers working

...d into the project and therefore it reduces the risk of delays and exceeds projects. ...re it is built and thereby make sure it looks like what he or she wants it to.

...different personalities. Therefore, in project management, it is important to consider the people and their emotions, which are present and must not be i A Servant Leader has a strong desire to serve and work for the benefit of others. He is a person of character and m

...from Disorder'' Taleb talks and discusses the concept of antifragility and how it has impacted our lives. To understand antifragility it is important to know that it is viewed as the opposite of fragile or fragility.

...mpacted the field of thermodynamics but also influenced investigation and, to this day, he is still considered a reference. ...ce measurements must be defined to monitor and, therefore, manage projects to thrive in an organizational context.

...on about a person might help when establishing teams or groups, being able to assign that person in an appropriate position or even increase the team dyn ...he manager’s job is than to connect these diverse people and direct them to work towards shared purpose.<ref name="PM"/>

... having enough capacity (manpower) to fullfill the required work. In order to secure all the requirements in these complex contracts companies have been ...roject. In case something unforeseen happens during the project, they have to relocate or idle a smaller amount of their resources, therefore decreasing

...h as lacking organisational capabilities or resistance to change, e.g. due to individual anxiety. Facing the importance of goals for the overall organisa ...ame="Management Review">George T. Doran (1981). ''There's a S.M.A.R.T. way to write Management's goals and objectives''. Management Review, http://commun

...ith the critical path of the project, which is very helpful when one needs to keep important deadlines. ... in regard to prioritizing resources for the project. Finally, it explains how the critical path of the project is deduced from the PND.

...yright infringement on the site, please inform thereof by sending an email to ophavsret@dtu.dk.'' ... issues of external adaptation and internal integration. Finally, it comes to be embodied ultimately as an interrelated, patterned set of basic assumptio

... an important step of the risk management process and therefore, important to ensuring the success of a project. </div> ...tified and developing the data that will be needed for making decisions as to what should be done about them" [http://pmtips.net/blog-new/defining-risk-m

...intuition and reasoning. It is important to be wary of impulsive reactions to a situation, since hasty decisions may have big impact on a project, progra ...ined a set of decision-making skills which will help groups or individuals to choose the best possible alternative.

...he right time. But in order to do that, it is first and foremost necessary to understand the network and the interdependency between people/teams. This i ...cted upon from a program management perspective drawing on insights on how projects communicate and coordinate within a program.

... categorize and prioritize risks as some risks may have a severe impact on projects objectives but only happen on rare occasions, while other have a moderate i ...risks and analyzing their potential in order to respond to and control the projects most significant threats and opportunities <ref name="Maylor"/>.

...t helps with the identification of benefits and their criteria in relation to specific organisational aims or objectives.<ref name=" Breese " /> ... the cost is significant higher than the value of the benefits, it is hard to justify its execution. By conducting a benefits map, the end document will

...</ref><ref> Project Management Institute, The High Cost of Low Performance How will you improve business results?, http://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/document This article will look at how quality control is used, the benefits and values of it and which supporting

...ds can answer to each type of uncertainty and guide the project management to success in effective and efficient product development. # '''Select''' - Selecting the ideas to pursuit

'''''” Agility means the ability to balance between flexibility and stability.''''' ... and projects in a traditional way and you need to be more agile, in order to ensure the growth, development, continuation and survival of your business

'''Welcome to 42433 - Advanced Engineering Project, Program and Portfolio Management and Please add a couple of categories to your page, at least consider if the page falls into the category of

...akeholders to improve project efficiency and allow for monitoring progress to determine the status of the project. <ref name=Kerzner>Harold, Kerzner, Pro ...ss. Thus, a project dashboard should be well presented with necessary data to be an efficient mean of communication <ref name=Few>Stephen, Few, Informati

...the most crucial elements of successful projects and project management is to have clear project goals <ref name="Project Management"> Hashemi, C. Februa ...decision or point in a project lifecycle when the project team is supposed to deliver deliveries before the final execution <ref name="Milestone trends

3 How to use the tool ...ehavior when he has to deal with a number of different types of people and do .

...ps of people generate ideas impulsively with the goal of finding solutions to a specific problem. It is a simple, yet powerful tool used in virtually all ...tter how wild they are and people are given the freedom of mind and action to spark off and reveal new ideas.<ref name="Brainstorming"/><ref name="PMI"/>

...sful Projects "> Office of Government Commerce (2009). Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2™. TSO. 978-0-11-331059-3</ref>. .... Wing, J. Zhong (2014). Financing and risk management of renewable energy projects with a hybrid bond. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Th

...lize the opportunities hidden in ideation, and utilize it in a plethora of projects. ...rspectives from the Concept Box (purpose, people, complexity, uncertainty) do Ideation tools fall under.

...ople are presented to perform teamwork. Effective collaboration is crucial to the success of a project. ... make decisions, sign approvals, accept deliverables, and influence others to carry out the work of the project.</ref>, responsibilities and boundaries s

...bilities'') and it is considered to be a solid foundation of every project to be successfully executed<ref name=P96>Page 96, 1996 ed. PMBOK® Guide</ref> ... just value adding deliverables are performed. This is why it is essential to clearly allocate roles and define responsibilities for everyone within a pr

...fined roles and responsibilities <ref name=PRINCE2.1> ''Managing Succesful Projects with PRINCE2, Fifth Edition (2009). ISBN 978 0 11 331059 3: TSO.'' </ref>. ...team will not guarantee high performance, only continuous effort will lead to this. In the final section of the article, the most relevant annotated bibl

...gers and team members think from inside out (from WHY to WHAT). <ref name="HOW" />]] ...e in the first place. <ref name="HOW">Geraldi, Joana et al., '''How to DO Projects Vision''', Version 0.5. BETA VERSION, 2016. p. 4.</ref>

...anager.''" <ref name="PMBOK">Project Management Institute. (2004). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide). Newtown Square, Pa: ...ohesiveness. The result will be a team that continuously challenges itself to increase its performance.

...he project managers and sponsors with a framework on how to make decisions to satisfy both stakeholder needs as well as organizational strategic objectiv <ref name="PMI_project"> Project Management Institute. (2004). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide). Newtown Square, Pa:

...an lead to unintended results. Using a sound decision process is essential to achieving sound results. ... G., Tommelein, I.D., and Arroyo, P. (2013) ''Using Choosing by Advantages to select ceiling tile from a global sustainable perspective''. Available at:

...e (PMI) revealed that on average, 1 out of 5 projects are unsuccessful due to ineffective communication. <ref name="Pulse">Project Management Institute® ...gement Strategy.<ref name="pmbok">Project Management Institute. “A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)”- Fifth Edition,

...o the Catchball process, which is a necessary communication process aiming to obtain successful implementation of the Hoshin Kanri throughout all of the ....Also many writers refer to it differently, this leaves space for the term to be interpreted and used improperly <ref name="d"> ''Policy deployment: an

...budget.<ref name = "besefi">Project Management Institute (2013). ''A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® guide)''. Newtown Square, ... to study cases, projects and portfolios of relevant scale, scope and area to currently investigated project. Similarly it is with payment milestones, wh

...d efficiently and in most cost effective way<ref name="ssrg" />. According to PMI Body of Knowledge (2013) Project Time Management is a crucial part of a ...n Schedule Management Process, may involve “''choosing strategic options to estimate and schedule the project such as: scheduling methodology, scheduli

...get implemented in the design process in construction projects to make the projects more efficient. The spacecraft industry says the method is increasing the f ...e engineering companies have made their own guides that employees can use. Projects in Norway and Unites States of America are successfully using the method. <

...hnique so as to be perceivable, while it analyzes how this method responds to the modern business practices as well as which is the evolution of this met ...hat must be completed by a specific time, within a 
budget and according to specification." <ref name=kostas21> Robert K. Wysocki, 2009, Effective Proj

...ion, 2013, p. 126)<ref name="one">Project Management Institute. “A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK&reg; Guide)”- Fifth Editi ...the capabilities and restrains of this method but also to provide guidance to ''project managers'' concerning the techniques that can be used for the eff

...s both corrective and preventative actions to minimise deviation and risks to scheduled plans. .... The Yamazumi Chart (YC) is an analytical tool and technique that is used to visualise this time management strategy.

...s. No matter how succesful the government finds the project, it can all go to waste if the users are not satisfied. A tool for analysing these needs is t ... side containing which products and services the organization will provide to the user.

...he forecasted information(indicators) after being processed is beneficial to the organization specially when it is compared with the reality of the proj ...struction companies and civil engineering projects and will illustrate how to build Models an abstraction of reality that are useful for make good decisi

... revolving stakeholders is crucial and should be considered with attention to specific factors.<ref name="Hayes">Hayes J. ''The Theory And Practice Of Ch In this article stakeholders in relation to power and politics of different kind will be examined and the classic stak

...the big idea of project governance is introduced including an introduction to project stakeholders. Secondly, the framework of project governance is pres ...ntly manage projects, maximize the value of project outcomes and align the projects with business strategy. It presents a framework in which the project manage

...ject human resource management and is used within project teams. According to the ''Project Management Institute''[https://www.pmi.org/] managing a proje ...ormance."'' <ref name=book> ''Project management institute (2013). A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), fifth edition. ch

... agreement about differing needs or ideas''<ref> Acuff, F.L. (2008). ''How to negotiate anything with anyone anywhere around the world''. New York: AMACO ...ce of bidder conferences, in which potential sellers are gathered in order to understand the main proposal and future contract requirements. The outcome

... for Project Managers to know system dynamics and human behaviors in order to adapt appropriate actions towards human resources and customers. ...on. This paragraph compares various techiniques of scheduling with regards to their effectiveness in human resources management.

...ddressing several brief examples of cases, creates feedback and experience to the future stakeholder managers. ...lest. Therefore, a theory of a cross cultural project management is needed to be developed.

...al people. In general scheduling tool in project managment was implemented to help in organizing group of people who have different working styles or app ...ethod is impossibility of tracking the progress of the project when it has to be uptaded manualy.

...ecommended in situations where a project team member is low performing due to lack of motivation, knowledge or skills <ref name="PMBOK" />. ...successful projects with PRINCE2. TSO.'' </ref> aiming to resolve a threat to a plan’s tolerances by getting a team member 'back on track' and aligned

...ployees, not only short term, but also long term. Long term and short term do not necessarily align, there are also other aspects such as, what members a ...ive jobs. To get ahead of others, managers must manage the human resources to every individual fullest potential.

...y, it will be described what a project and project management is according to the Project Management Institute. ...ve. The objective with Lean Project Management is to create the most value to the customer using a minimal amount of resources<ref name=''name''> Moujib,

... time are the two biggest constraints in a project: it is thus a necessity to keep meetings efficient and effective. ...rdingly. For a meeting to be effective, the roles of each participant have to be clearly defined. It must be run through three stages: before, during, an

...f February </ref><ref name="guide">Project Management Institute, ''A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge'', (Project Management Institute, 2013 ...s must be lead towards a user's needs, abilities and expectations in order to guarantee a maximized customer focus. The UCD process consists of five step

...f eight steps. These steps are described in Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model to guide organizations through change.<ref name=" Leading Change: Why Transfor ...as done further research in the area, therefore, Kotter has made an update to the model called; Eight Accelerators of Change. The updated version has oth

...utions.com/va.html]" </ref>. The overall objective is to find improvements to the components by reducing their cost and/or increasing the value of the fu This article will describe each step required to perform a Value Analysis as well as suggesting tools that can be used durin

...ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZZZRCNTDMc|350|right|Video 1: Introduction to the definition of Program Manager|frame}} ...his specific task. However, the program manager needs this data in order to be confident that the overall program goals are achievable. <ref name="adv"

...icable to. Also includes ISO references and Six Sigma practices.</ref>. So how can these events be prevented from occurring? ...tage can be very costly and mean even further delays. Instead, it is ideal to take preventive measures, which can be achieved through applying risk manag

... consideration the external threats. The results of feasibility study help to asses if the project is reasonable and should be finalised. ...hat to prioritise. The list of components of the feasibility study is free to be modified, depending on the accessibility, budget, priorities and time bo

...e particular project given the uncertainties and risks affiliated with the projects. According to the worldwide federation of national standards bodies, International Organi

... to follow an adequate program management approach that will allow leaders to tackle the necessary transformations and deal with the issues that might ar ...ub-divide the program into smaller, interrelated projects that are simpler to manage.

... described in the "Managing Successful Programes" book: "Every Opportunity to advance the program towards its goals should be welcomed and converted into ...ment sector, the idea is the same but usually there is no crowd. It is how to improve a project so it gives either better results or more profit.

...scribe how the project manager can assess these five dysfunctions, and how to overcome them. ...the budget, so it is also important for the economical aspect of a project to make sound human resources decisions.

...its tasks. Doing this, an overview of cost, time and risks is a lot easier to establish and manage. ...to break down a goal into manageable tasks and lastly how this can be used to estimate time, resources and cost of a construction project.

...three steps; Inputs, Tools & Techniques and Outputs. These steps are vital to create an effective charter. <ref name="PMBOK"/> There are only a few limit ...uced and the preferable content of it. Guidelines will be presented on how to develop it, along with its limitations and benefits. Lastly, references for

...mized risk by possibly optimizing and/or preventing mistakes in subsequent projects. ... Closing <ref name="PMBOK"> Project Management Institute (2013). ''A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge''. 5th ed. Project Management Inst

... sea of new emerging technologies and markets is considered. Managers have to consider different criteria, gather input from multiple stakeholders and co ...erarchy process is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method utilized to analyse, solve and prioritize complex decisions, by rating and comparing mu

...nitoring and control. Therefore, this article will provide guidance on how to structure the framework of the processes and it will explain the content in ...veloped based on the analysis. The plan consists of specific actions, when to execute these actions and who has the acting responsibility once the situat

...ique, born from the common phrase, 'putting on your thinking cap', is used to structure and plan thinking processes, promote lateral thinking and encoura ...olders and project teams remain engaged, motivated and actively contribute to the success of a project.

...ration among team members. '''Roles''' are rather general descriptions and do not state specific activities, whereas '''responsibilities''' are concrete ...ps://www.cleverism.com/how-to-define-roles-responsibilities-handovers/ How to Define Roles, Responsibilities and Handovers. Cleverism. Retrieved 12 Febru

...ess. This article will provide recommendations to project managers wanting to improve his or hers negotiation skills. ...an impasse you may have to reject the offer and apply the Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement, BATNA. <ref name="PON">Harvard law school, "Program

...ike"/> This article provides an introduction to the waterfall methodology, to understand the processes within a project plan in a better way. However, th ...w project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.

...ferent task or activities. These activities can be in some ways be related to some of the PMBOK subject groups; Integration, stakeholder, scope, recourse ...that can be used in a digital environment and can help the project manager to perform different task or activities in a construction project.

...d efficiently and in most cost effective way<ref name="ssrg" />. According to PMI Body of Knowledge (2013) Project Time Management is a crucial part of a ...n Schedule Management Process, may involve “''choosing strategic options to estimate and schedule the project such as: scheduling methodology, scheduli

...on is in the building industry, there is an ongoing tendency that building projects are getting more complex, this results in more detailed project description ...ef name=ANL/> was the construction industry on the agenda. The purpose was to create a higher productivity I the construction industry by moving towards

...ly a mixture of the two methodologies will be introduced with a reflection to the limitations of the model. ...ent projects, the focus of this article is narrowed down to those types of projects.

...as done further research in the area, therefore, Kotter has made an update to the model called; The Eight Accelerators. The updated version has other val ... related to the organization’s strategic objectives. A program is likely to have a life that spans several years.”'' <ref name="Managing Successful p

...s an important tool for any organisation, as it can share knowledge across projects thus improve their project processes and elements as it will aid in avoidin ...ion. p. 6. USA. ISBN 9781933890517</ref>. The challenging task of managing projects can somewhat be aided through the usage of the tool, <span class=plainlinks

... an important step of the risk management process and therefore, important to ensuring the success of a project. </div> ...tified and developing the data that will be needed for making decisions as to what should be done about them" [http://pmtips.net/blog-new/defining-risk-m

Welcome to our Conceptbox* - an online resource for project management tools, methods ...to our four perspectives([https://www.doing-projects.org/perspectives]) on projects: <span style="color: #c11e4a">PURPOSE</span>, <span style="color: #474099">

...aracteristics of the project and all information are contained or attached to the component of the model. The model may include any or all of the 2D, 3D, ...on, as connectivity through the cloud will enable all project participants to effectively work in one ‘virtual’ project office.

Common to all projects is the need to allocate available resources in the most efficient way possible. ...ot infinite and in order to obtain the most optimal result, they will have to be allocated thoughtfully.

...need takes the place of it in our minds. Thus, people move from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy of needs. There are five stages of human needs.<re ...ly in contact with their team as a leader or manager. Therefore, they need to know their team’s needs for managing and motivating them through the proj

Meetings play a significant role in existing and upcoming projects. They are one of the main keys for group decision making, communications an ...or the portfolio review meetings, the four types of meetings are mentioned to determine the format and urgency of the assemble.

...ty to make a periodic table for project management to acquire oversight in projects will be explored and two different versions of tables for project managemen ...iodic table, it raises the question if this could be done for other fields to simplify the content and display it in a table where a glance would tell se

...ent. It will introduce how project managers identify crisis and states how to deal with crises, based on ''the proactive crisis resolution approach''. ... management plan and how to execute the crisis management plan by applying to a practical case study. Lastly, a conclusion will be drawn, which highlight

... The purpose is to introduce the reader briefly to the use of KPIs and how to define them for given project, program or portfolio. ...he effects of different assessments can be monitored and compared to other projects running the same KPIs. Benchmark analyses can thereby ensure quality of wor

...t success. The project management success does indeed contribute massively to a project but does however not guarantee by itself a successful project.<re ...anagement are defined as levers that a project manager can employ in order to increase the odds of a project becoming successful.<ref name="ika">Ika L. P

and is used to increase performance dramatically<ref name="Key Performance Indicators"> Ke ...pany managers and staff focus on the KPIs together, it can guide a company to improve performance effectively, if it is used precisely.

...associated when trying to manage the project and a price for which we want to sell it. ...er discussed here. <ref name="PMBOK guide"> ''lProject Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOKguide)''</ref>

...s <ref name=''PMBOK''> ''©2017 Project Management Institute, Inc. A Guide to the PROJECT MANAGEMENT BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ( PMBOK ® GUIDE ) Sixth Edition'' ...ith all these actors are the basis for the creation of the value delivered to each of them.

... project to a big degree which will help in the decision-making on whether to continue with a project, and if continued, the project management. ...ll be presented. Lastly project initiation management used in construction projects will be assessed.

...t Management Institute, Inc."> Project Management Institute, Inc., ''Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) (6th Edition)'', (Pr ... from other projects to achieve the goal faster, better or wiser according to what the client or the project wants. <ref name="Project Management Institu

...isk management, a discipline that has a special complexity in construction projects. ...n identify and reduce cost and time over-runs and security risks, in order to optimize the chances of project success. The guide follows the Project Mana

...d, discussing the habits relevance for project management and connected it to best practice in project management. ...different aspects of mindsets, behaviors and processes that can contribute to be a more effective individual<ref name="StCo"/>.

...t constrain and it's application and limitations in project management and to reflect on the different perspectives. ..." />. In project management the three key constraints are often considered to be either time, cost and scope or time, cost and quality. These tree constr

...own so it can be achieved and when each task should be initiated. If teams do not plan accordingly, deadlines will not be met, risking delays and the suc ...nning Poker helps teams more effectively judge how long tasks will be take to complete, by including different expert opinions from the team when estimat

...as, a given template guides the project manager or other employees aligned to the project through the two “maps”, namely the “customer profile” a ...he benefits as well as limitations of the Value Canvas methodology related to project management are discovered and critically analysed.

... main points of SWOT will be covered alongside with an introduction on how to apply SWOT. Moreover, the strength and weaknesses of this tool will also be ...iew of what your obstacles you need to overcome and what chances there are to take.

"risk" -Noun “A situation involving exposure to danger” ...e, monitor, and control the probability or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities <ref name="Gregory">"Gregory Alle

...KPIs will be presented wherein, one relevant and specific tool will delved to a greater extent. Wayne Eckerson's definition of a KPI is, "''A KPI is a metric measuring how well the organization or an individual performs an operational, tactical or

In Project / Program / Portfolio Management it is crucial to come up with ideas for the best solution for the problem at hand. For an op ...on to design thinking, which is a method that helps individuals and groups to efficiently develop with a solution that considers all relevant aspects.

...management method''' Getting the Things Done, analyzing its application on projects management and overall limitations and benefits. ...s a time management method for personal productivity improvement that aims to minimize stress while maximizing productivity. GTD was first presented, in

...freelancers, to reach a selected amount of goals. Preferably common goals, to get the freelancers working together, by offering milestone payments along ...e described, and to get an idea of how to implement the two in management. To describe these tools, the following will be analyzed and described:

...ation which is based on earning rewards and avoiding punishment. According to Pink classical reward systems fail with increasing task complexity and can ...A person might simply enjoy a certain activity or see it as an opportunity to explore, learn, and actualize potentials.

This article aims to describe a new approach to a specific project management technique called '''Critical Path Method (CPM ...he schedule model''<ref name=PMI> Project Management Institute, ''"A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK® guide) - Fifth edition".'

...ld be able to balance both management and leadership throughout a project, to both motivate the team members as well as organize and plan the project at ...Available at: https://hbr.org/product/john-p-kotter-on-what-leaders-really-do/8974-HBK-ENG [Accessed 15 Jan. 2019]. </ref>. Management and leadership hav

...or both PMBOK and PRINCE2 to the OPPM will be made. Lastly a discussion on how the OPPM is used in a pharmaceutical company, and another one-page tool wil ...age when keeping different stakeholders informed, because the tool is easy to understand and because it can be maintained through the progress of the pro

...r developing a new range of product projects (a platform), it is essential to get an overview of the entire product program. An overview should “''desc ...ct projects depending on customer requirements. The PFMP is sought applied to project as a 'product' regardless of whether the project objective.

...gly popular with various organizations expressing interest in its benefits to the construction industry. ...the conflictual relationships between the parties involved in construction projects and maximize construction project success.

...governance <ref name="PMI"> Project Management Institute (2017). ''A guide to the Project Management. Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide)''. 6th Edition, PMI ... Association for Project Management (2011). ''Directing Change – A guide to governance of project management''. 2nd edition, APM </ref>, and the Projec

...ed for project planning. This article clarifies milestone planning and how to use it in project management. ...duration as well as develop the project schedule.<ref name="PMBOK">A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), Project Managemen

...o the waterfall method, other parts as the management style is not opposed to the waterfall model. ...s of Agile) is applicable to a business and rather throughout describe how to apply it.

...nformation. <ref name="Pmbokguide">''Project Management Institute. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide). Sixth Edition; 20 ...a fundamental understanding of the project, portfolio or programme manager to the communication maintenance during the life cycle of a project are mandat

... of project managers is changing from a more technical and analytical role to a motivator and human behavior expert. ...cle will address why habits are important and what project managers can do to use them positively. Furthermore, tools such as Charles Duhiggs four steps

..., Brady, T., Cooke-Davies, T., & Hodgson, D. (2006). From projectification to programmification. International Journal of Project Management, 24(8), 663� ...oject management tools, however implications from introducing programs are to be considered and these aspects of '''programmification''' will be explaine

...ries, project management has tremendous value when effectively implemented to significantly increase the success of the product or service being delivere ...s even more challenges and the need to restructure their strategies trying to be more agile, and reduce the internal costs. Efficiency in all the aspect

... Management Institute. The Strategic Impact of Projects: Identify benefits to drive business results [Internet]. 2016. Available from: https://www.pmi.or ...ent practice supports better decision making in both the prioritisation of projects and the ideal level of investment. <ref name="ConStrat">Boston Consulting G

...ect size, project scope or project complexity. <ref name="PMBOK"> ''"Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)" (6th Edition) ret ...rovides a guide how to develop such a charter. Moreover, it discusses when to use it and points out pros and cons of the Project Charter. In addition, a

...re effective communication is maintained throughout all project phases and to keep the project stakeholders as well as the internal project board informe ...applications on different types of reporting will follow, which can be use to ensure high-quality management throughout the project.

...determine the optimal resource mix for delivery and to schedule activities to best achieve an organization’s operational and financial goals, while hon ...x in the right proportion and continuously shifting them in the portfolio, to increase the return on investment and maximize the wealth of the investor.

...ject Management|Lean]] principles ie. trying to deliver a maximum of value to the customer in the shortest sustainable lead time. ...y, its concept and its application in order to manage Programs composed of projects following Agile methods.

...rate the aspects of sponsorship as a marketing tool. A literature approach to project sponsorship is given by many bibliographic resources, describes the Project Sponsorship relates to and differs from Project Management, as well as defines the role of sponsor

...pects of the project undergoing unforeseen or underestimated challenges or to entail drastic changes or perhaps even failure the project. ...ked for and it was delivered on time, if it was not on the budget or close to, it will often be regarded as (at least partial) failure.

... focus on benefits in each stage of the project. The essence of PRINCE2 is to break the project down into smaller stages which simplifies the project's p ...e PMBOK Guide can cover PRINCE2 limitations.<ref name="Managing Successful Projects" /><ref name=pmi />

...and benefits of the project. Standards and guides that all suggest methods to follow and considerations that should be made by the project managers and t ...oc/url_slug:root_slug:guide-project-management?kpromoter=federation "Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition)"], [

...77. Retrieved at https://doi.org/10.1108/OCLC-02-2014-0014</ref>. A means to eliminate such misunderstandings and misinterpretations while communicating ...tening <ref name=PMI> Project Management Institute, Inc.. (2017). “Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) - 10

...ier, A. J. (2007). Guideline for traveling [i.e. traveling] from vision to projects and back. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2007—EMEA, Budapest, H ...d. To inspire further reading an annotated bibliography will be conducted, to enhance the understanding of the tool and core literature.

...elated<ref name="Doran">George T. Doran (1981). ''There's a S.M.A.R.T. way to write Management's goals and objectives''. Management Review, http://commun The object was to create a simple tool that every manager could remember at thereby make an e

...goals help in providing clarity, focus and encourage the motivation needed to achieve specific objectives. SMART goals are a significant tool for a manager to use, as clearly defined goals will make work more reliable, consistent and

...roject management, where groups of people, or teams, get together in order to generate ideas and possible solutions about a specific common problem or ar ...aily basis is a vital element for the project success. Therefore, in order to achieve that and reach their team's common goals, project managers often or

...n project management. The target audience for this article is students new to courses of project management. ... adjusted to fit the specific project. The RBS can be used in all types of projects and should be set up in the beginning of the project. It is often the proje

...re-evaluate [1]. These steps will be discussed further in the article, but to give an introduction, here are the basic core concepts of systems engineeri * Understand the problem before you try to solve it

...ll as the company itself <ref name=''book''> ''Project Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide). (2013), Project Man ...ent and distribution of human resources in regard to activities related to projects.

...on]], the term '''media richness''' (or '''information richness''') refers to the amount of information a medium is capable of transmitting per given tim ...e of tools and timing, results will vary from excellent through acceptable to undesired. However, as no universally successful recipe exists for ensuring

...e more difficult and the adaptive project management approach was invented to take advantage of and eliminating the disadvantages of both approaches ment ...e Adaptive Project Framework and count all its core values, including when to use this method. Then after the overview the application of this method is

... H., & Pich, M. T. (2002). “Managing project uncertainty: From variation to chaos”. In V. 43, Issue 2 (pp. 60-67).</ref> <br> ...project life cycle. And this document helps To Assess the risks for future projects and makes us prepared in advance for the unforeseen risks which now becomes

...aching and managing conflict as well as creating an environment, that aims to reduce conflicts. ...ent ways to handle conflict, and know when to tackle conflict and when not to.

According to the Businessdictionary scheduling is about ''"determining when an activity ...k diagram is about identifying the component activities and their relation to each other. <ref name="Kelley"> Kelley Jr, J. E., & Walker, M. R. (1959, De

...c sphere in science and economy, looking for new solutions that contribute to competitive advantage in the market and thus raise the level of economic an The vast majority of businesses, are determined to implement product, technical, technological and organizational innovation.

... Furthermore the article will present the relevant models that can be used to understand and manage the context element, and lastly it will present the l ... influence the limitations, the resources and many other aspects. In order to get a better overview of the concept, it can be organised into the differen

...ect management, however, in APM the methodology allows the team to respond to unexpected challenges and adapt new improved methods towards reaching the p ... R. M. Thom (2000) “Adaptive management of coastal ecosystem restoration projects” 15(3-4) p.365-372. Ecological Engineering'' </ref>.

...f technology and the expansion of knowledge, many companies have finalized to the conclusion that the process of houses prefabrication is more efficien ...instruments have been applied in this emerging industry, most of them need to be further improved.

...xecuting tasks, activities or work. <ref name=''web1''> ''http://www.doing-projects.org/resources/projectcanvas'';2015 </ref> ...M.01 (11 pp.)."; 2008</ref>The solution to these problems from the root is to manage these project actions.

...amples of vision statements are presented in this article in order to show how these statements can look in reality. ...ust be communicated to all involved in the project clearly in order for it to have a profound effect on the success of the project.

...arting the project, it is essential to make sure that the project is worth to conduct which means the product will be desirable after finalization and va ...he world. It has been constructed in the way allowing to be applied to the projects in diversified environment irrespective of the organisation, type, and scal

...e management planning could for instance help project- managers and teams to answer questions like the following: * '''''Do we have enough space on our budget for new equipment and experts handling t

...oject management methodology that is used to create a project from an idea-to-launch in a structured way. The model contains several decision-making poin ...ent process more efficiently. The model was adopted to manage a variety of projects like process improvements and process changes and is regarded today as a ge

... result <ref name=PMI> ''Project Management Institute, Inc.. (2017). Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition). (pp ...emore, M., & Hughes, W. (2003). Reactive Crisis Management in Constructive Projects - Patterns of Communication and Behaviour. Journal of Contingencies and Cri

...f not with the support and effort of their followers. That realization led to new researches, which focus on the concept of followership as a directly af ...ify followers' types and enable them to choose more appropriate approaches to accomplish satisfying results.

...ues, to profile stakeholders and plan their engagement and, in conclusion, to decide on the stakeholder management processes. A stakeholder analysis shou ... are individuals, groups, or organisations that are affected or recognised to be affected either in a positive or negative way by a decision, action, or

...ation to execute the right projects are closely linked to their capability to design and structure the organization<ref name="KatesKesler"/><ref name="Ka ...transparency for the senior management to constantly align the activities (projects) with the strategy and thereby utilize the limited economic and human resou

...'time management method''' for personal productivity improvement that aims to minimize stress while maximizing productivity. GTD was first presented, in GTD methodology, as affirmed by the author himself, can also be applied to Project Planning. In this case, the approach follows five steps: Defining p

...bjectives.”<ref name=P>Project Management Institute, Inc.. (2017). Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) - 3. ...imits to: “communicating predictably, creating, maintaining and adhering to communications plans and schedules, and developing finely tuned skills usin

... purpose of this article, is to explain how to apply the SWOT matrix tool, to management of prefabricated house. ...manpower cost is higher, because it must be highly specialized, and it has to adapt its knowledge depending on the site and the project.

... Management Institute. The Strategic Impact of Projects: Identify benefits to drive business results [Internet]. 2016. Available from: https://www.pmi.or ...ent practice supports better decision making in both the prioritisation of projects and the ideal level of investment. <ref name="ConStrat">Boston Consulting G

...stainable Methods, short PRiSM is a relatively new (2013) developed method to make the process of project management more sustainable. ...he PRiSM mainly in real estate development, construction or infrastructure projects.

...ries, project management has tremendous value when effectively implemented to significantly increase the success of the product or service being delivere ...s even more challenges and the need to restructure their strategies trying to be more agile, and reduce the internal costs. Efficiency in all the aspect

...arting the project, it is essential to make sure that the project is worth to conduct which means the product will be desirable after finalization and va ...he world. It has been constructed in the way allowing to be applied to the projects in diversified environment irrespective of the organisation, type, and scal

...eduling''' is the development and control of a plan which details when and how the products or services defined in a project scope will be delivered. <ref ...should be constantly monitored and updated by the project management team. To properly create and use the project schedule with the aforementioned inputs

...pects of the project undergoing unforeseen or underestimated challenges or to entail drastic changes or perhaps even failure the project. ...ked for and it was delivered on time, if it was not on the budget or close to, it will often be regarded as (at least partial) failure.

...="ReinIt">Reinventing Organizations (1st edition (revised), 2014). A Guide to Creating Organizations Inspired by the Next Stage of Human Consciousness. F ...mance of teams. The article also gives practical examples of how to listen to evolutionary purpose in project and programme management.

...ns must recognize and act upon the fact that they need to change and adapt to changing environments and fast-moving markets <ref> Divert, Henriette; Kræ ...ram, which consist of a number of program components that have the purpose to enable the desired organizational change when combined.

...itizing work tasks in a project, program, or portfolio is crucial in order to manage and coordinate time and resources. .../eisenhower-productivity-matrix/ </ref> The goal of this prioritization is to avoid crisis situations by planning for the future, making tasks more manag

...methods that project, program or portfolio managers can use as inspiration to create a strong, hard-working and valuable team will be shown. Lastly, the ...easily found, but even little steps give the team and the company a chance to move forward and improve.

...t Management Institute.</ref> Therefore a wide variety of tools are needed to cope with this process, a selection of them is presented in the section bel ...he first element highlights the strength within a company and investigates how they distinguish from competitors.

...hoice of building a new bridge instead of renovation the old bridge is due to lower socio-economic expenses that would otherwise have resulted in a shutd ...ude the main principle with CCPM is to remove the risk of delays, speed up projects and improve the predictability and instead have a time buffer that can be u

...olio risk management process is a process that a manager must work through to control the risk that may affect the portfolio. The outcome of this process ...more, the monitoring and controlling manager should also develop responses to emerging risks and existing risks.

...urse <ref name=''conceptbox''> ''DTU (2020) ConceptBox, 'http://wiki.doing-projects.org/index.php/ConceptBox' </ref> ...ide clarity, focus and motivation into the project, and making it possible to achieve the goals.

The first one includes the tools used to complete the project successfully. The second includes the tools due to identify and manage all the people involve in the project.

The tools in this article are chosen to support the group's project on implementation of Target Value Design in con Target Value Design (TVD) is a method for designing projects with a strong emphasis on development of project scope, with given time and

... Model by PMI ''' <ref>Project Management Institute, Inc.. (2017). ''Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition)''. ( ...omplex number of stakeholders or if complex networks of relationships have to be monitored. It is also useful in determining the relative importance of t

== SMART Method - How to formulate goals correctly == In order to set goals in a meaningful way, the method of smart goal setting has become

... up with the competition on the market. A method for achieving this can be to implement digitisation in the for of internal digital project management pr ''This wiki article is a collection of management tool that our group can use to analyse the digitalization of Atkins.''

...rspective of waste management since better waste management is more likely to happen if it has a positive effect on economics. ...tion sites. In the following, program management methods, we are expecting to use, will be described.

...t of Hempel’s newly formed service organization, a number of development projects of new services advisory”. This service includes sending expert coating advisors to oversee surface preparation and

== Introduction to Management Tools == ...r project and conception of expectations before choosing appropriate tools to work with. If preparation and foundation is done thoroughly, working with t

In order to manage successfully a project, certain perspectives need to be covered. This article briefly explains the tools that can be used to analyze each perspective.

... vision of a project. This is done by describing the specific outcomes and how these will be achieved. *The implementation plan describes how the organization is going to succeed in fulfilling the objective described in 1. This usually involves t

...OS that is currently used in offshore O&G operations can be easily adapted to the new market. ...del''' is a 5-step procedure detailed by David Allen that aims to describe how our brain plans naturally. Allen defines a project as any outcome requiring

... process, is an iterative process where the design is repeatedly optimized to achieve the desired end product, without over running cost and time. ...s the industries public image, but also weakens potential clients trust in projects meeting target values. Especially private clients may be troubled by the fi

... (2005). " Project Portfolio Management : A Practical Guide To Selecting Projects , Managing Portfolios and Maximizing Benefits.". Management. </ref> ...ction of projects to develop a routine for prioritize ongoing and upcoming projects.

A process to follow in order to establish a beneficial communication plan with a well-defined content and t ...project, which functions as either a confirmation, warning or ask for help to the project’s key stakeholders.

...ome cases, it is also used to rank the risks to understand which one needs to be addressed first. Therefore, this tool has mainly two application: * Prioritize which risk needs to be addressed first <ref name="Prioritize risks"> Prioritizing Risks http://

...is method is referred to as Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), as it is a way to structure the project by breaking it down. This is the addressed subject of - How to implement Work Breakdown Structure?

...sum of all parts. This notion is from critical complexity theory, denoting how some properties found in the individual parts vanish when those parts are i ...65 (4), 681–706 </ref>. Social loafing is relevant to the management of projects, programs and portfolios, as they often involve people working in teams <re

Evaluating projects and their level of success can easily be contributed ... which direction i want to take my piece. Here is a list of changes i want to make by then:

...me of the topics are already covered in the ConceptBox but not all live up to our expected standards in terms of content, references and use of “own” |''1. Scoping: What to do?''<br> a. Pooled, Sequential & Reciprocal dependence<br> b. work break down

...me of the topics are already covered in the ConceptBox but not all live up to our expected standards as discussed in class in terms of structure, content ...Estimation). At that level of detail, it will be much, much easier for you to write actionable advice with good examples.

...tudied as a series of interrelated activities to plan, manage, and control projects <ref name="NP"/>. ...rmining the project duration and the critical path. Moreover, find out how to speed up a project if that becomes necessary. As a result, it is a basis fo

...elop” stage, in which designers diverge on different potential solutions to the problem. Finally, the “Deliver” stage begins, in which a solution w ...erefore, it is by nature extremely versatile, and can be applied in design projects in virtually every industry.

''DevOps, the combination of Development and Operations: How to create agile, reliable, & secure technology organizations.'' ...described it as: "DevOps -A cultural and professional movement, focused on how we build and operate high velocity organizations, born from the experiences

...Institute</ref> <ref name=" AXELOS "> AXELOS (2017): ''Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2'', 2017 Edition, The Stationery Office Ltd, 2017. ProQuest Ebo ...n ending the project. However, all projects operate within constraints set to fulfil the overall given task.

..., Josef; Sting, Verena (2017) Doing Projects. A Nordic Flavour to Managing Projects, Engineering Systems Division, Management Engineering Department, Technical ...tandings <ref name=ref5> Project Management Institute, Inc.. (2017). Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition), Inc

...nt of energy that’s necessary just to keep your operation going on a day-to-day basis”''. The disciplines protect the execution of a project from the ...g them, how they are applied and how they might be beneficial working with projects. Finally the limitations of the tool will be addressed.

...thus be integrated into the character enables employees and thus companies to achieve increased effectiveness in project management through the use of th '''5: Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood:'''

...suggested that teams will need to go through those stages within a project to grow together and be successful. <ref name="Tuckman65"/>. With his ideas, T ... project itself, therefore play a major role within the process. They have to ensure that the team overcomes the challenges and clear the stages. <ref na

...med.'' <ref name="PMBOK">Project Management Institute, Inc.. (2017). Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide). 6th Edition. Newt .... Available at: https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html (Accessed: 02/08/2021)</ref>

...rk (Scrum).<ref name=two>Project Management Institute, Inc.. (2017). Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition). (pp ...eported that flow techniques demonstrate higher productivity in comparison to time boxed sprints in the Scrum method, which interrupt the fluent flow of

''This article is mainly based on; the Managerial Grid III: The Key to Leadership Excellence, written by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton.'' ...project manager may be a result of combination of multiple factors related to the project or be of a personal preference. Leadership is a productive fiel

...econd decision requires more time to investigate the alternatives in order to make the most satisfactorily choice regarding the safety of the road users. ...e can learn to actively use the two systems most effectively when managing projects.

...nging goals with measurable results. OKRs, Objectives and Key Results, are how organizations track progress, create alignment and encourage engagement aro ...s: The Simple Idea that Drives 10x Growth: Superpower #1: Focus and commit to priorities. Portfolio Penguin. </ref> .

... advice on how to implement Taylorism in a modern project will be outlined to help future project managers take the best from the theory, and some genera ...strial development in The United States when she was beginning to catch up to the production of the British Empire. Unlike today where most of society's

..., learning from experience is one of the key characteristics of successful projects as it counters project uncertainty and facilitates project planning based o ...M., O'Connor, G. and Pierantozzi, R. (2008), 'Implementing a Learning Plan to Counter Project Uncertainty', ''MIT Sloan Management Review'', 49(2), pp.54

...BOIP/> The results can then be used as a foundation to formulate goals and to search for solutions.<ref name=NMMT/> ...The effects of the internal and external dimensions are being surveyed and how they have an influence on the output of the group. The effectiveness of the

...t the appropriate level of detail and in formats and structures meaningful to those performing the work is an invaluable tool in project management.<ref ... article the limitations of the WBS are discussed and some advice in order to counteract them is given. The fourth and last part of the article, includes

*Openness to experience These characteristics vary from individual to individual and change only slightly over the course of a lifetime. Neverthe

..., and taking appropriate and effective corrective and/or preventive action to prevent their recurrence.<ref name="FDA">FDA website Corrective and Prevent ... the context in which CAPA is used, how to perform a CAPA, and which risks to be aware of. In this article a 7-step framework is presented. The steps inc

...a root cause analysis, deciding on countermeasures etc. and can be applied to almost any kind of problem across several industries <ref name="Understandi ...Based projects">Stijn Slootmans (2018), "Project Management and PDSA-Based projects", Springer International Publishing </ref>.

...he main features of this tool as well as the steps that should be followed to create a strong business case. Most of the guidance provided in this articl ...tifiable reason. This reason will be the one steering all of the decisions to be made throughout the project. The justifiable reason must not only be rec

...nd business partners, and these communications are, for example, regarding projects and for making big decisions. These types of communications and when dealin ... that practice and learn to use constructive communication are more likely to transform conflicts into growth or improvement. In addition, they can build

...e on the basis of biases, whether it is choosing a cola drink or which car to buy. ...ref name="PMBOK"> Project Management Institute, Inc.(PMI). (2017). ''Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition)''. R

...nal memory and by obtaining a complete overview of current commitments and projects.<ref name = "GTD"> Allen, D. (2015). Getting Things Done - the art of stres ...omplexity, Getting Things Done implements a full methodology for the users to manage current commitments while registering and organizing new opportuniti

... skills'' and focus on behavior in individual and team development. As the projects became more complex, a need for structured and constructive communication a ...ndow can help manage teams and individuals by creating an understanding of how they communicate, are perceived and present them self. For teams the Johari

...be effective<ref name="PRINCE2page319">AXELOS. (2017). Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2 2017 edition. Page 319. Retrieved from ProQuest Ebook Central ...l as easily communicate the project goal to stakeholders. This allows them to ensure that the goal is the right one and move the project in the right dir

...ost cases, it is done unconsciously, even before the mind has had the time to think up rational justification. With enough experience and knowledge, this ... manipulate the information we receive and how it is presented. All affect how we feel about situations and outcomes.

...ing of how a manager, whether the manager manages portfolios, programs, or projects, can improve the team's efforts and results by giving the proper motivation ... of different types of needs. Late in Maslow's life he added a sixth level to the model, but this will only be mentioned at the end of the article. Mainl

Parkinson's Law states that work expands to fill the time available for its completion.<ref name="Essay"> Parkinson, C. ...ndent of its workload. Based on this, he formulated a mathematical formula to determine the annual increase in staff in any public administrative departm

... must master to save time and resources. FAST goals is a framework created to help practitioners setting and managing goals by ensuring the quality and p ...de information on the strengths and limitations of the FAST goals, and how to apply them so that project managers can extract the most value of the metho

...ne contract with the project owner. One of the key reasons for doing so is to create a shared responsibility between the architect and the contractor, an ...ee types; Architect-led Design-Build projects, Contractor-led Design-Build projects and Joint Venture. In these cases the Design-Build entity is led either by

... be avoided. There are things that we know can go wrong and things that we do not know about.  Contingency plans are about how to deal with the risk, threats or, events.

...e work that has to be done in the project, and it will also make it easier to assess the time constrains of the project as well as the total costs. ... of the different steps and sub elements of the project, the work that has to be done, as well as providing an overview of the different resources, costs

last two types of groups, how they behave compared to teams and why they are important in terms of projects, programs and portfolios.

...a path that lead towards a specific goal within a projects scope. The path to create a decent plan can be divided by various activities, uncertainties, p ... decision points on “are we going in the right direction, or do we need to alternate our future planning?” or “have we achieve the deliverables fo

...e of your project is to apply the Goal Hierarchy from the book ‘Power in projects, programs and portfolios’ <ref name="PPP"> Attrup, M. L. and Olsson, J.R ... J., & Stingl, V. (2017). How to DO Projects? A Nordic Flavour to Managing Projects, page 113-115. Dansk Standard. DS Handbook Vol. 185 </ref> It can be used

...el Kahneman, an Israelian-American Nobel prize winning psychologist, tries to elaborate the existing literature on uncertainties in decision-making, by i ...bes the two systems as interdependent. System 2 is a slave to system 1 due to the cognitive biases our everyday experiences and impressions have imprinte

... book, “Thinking fast and slow”, in which he seeks to show the reader, how our everyday decision making is filled with biases. ... Daniel Kahneman, takes us through the pitfalls, into which all of us tend to fall, without even knowing it. His argument is based on the claim, that eve

...ither. It is also important that every person at the meeting gets a chance to state their opinion, so no person feels they are left outside the decisions ...ried out after the meeting. This also includes following up on tasks given to specific persons in the meeting and ensuring they are done as planned. Plan

...men, J., & Stingl, V. (2017). Doing Projects. A Nordic Flavour to Managing Projects: DS-handbook 185:2017. Dansk Standard.</ref> . ...es they are sending and on who is receiving a given message and finally on how the receiver perceives the communication. <ref name="COMART">Abudi, G. (201

... area of the problem-solving process. From discovering the initial problem to presenting a solve for this problem at the end of the process. ...solve, many managers quickly move on to the problem-solving phase, and try to solve that specific problem.<ref>[''https://hbr.org/2017/01/are-you-solving

...the enterprise, effective measures must be taken to promote the enterprise to complete various plans and tasks. Only by providing accurate cost informati ...tition among enterprises in the market, people pay more and more attention to the importance of project cost control. Cost control has become the main sy

...are two distinct but complementary approaches to guiding organizations and projects toward success. There are overlaps between the two roles, but there are qui ...common consequence is a too rigid approach, which might lead to resistance to change and a lack of inspiration.

...le caseworker'''. To further clarify the context the focus is set on CAPEX projects. ...PRINCE2 and PMI, where relevant points that are useful in context of small projects have been selected. The selection has been made from a personal experience

...of this article is to fully elaborate the idea behind the SMART goals, how to apply the technique and explore the limitations of it. ...e based on relevant success criteria. Thus, the technique enables managers to clearly define and understand the purpose and goals of a project, program,

... X- employee symbolize "I do not want to work" and Y- emplyee "I am happy to work". Figure inspired by <ref name="wikixandy"/>]] ...are motivated, is intriguing because a motivated co- worker is more likely to help the manager achieve the project objectives.

...he project is laid by designing the team that he/she needs for the project to succeed. ...task is Belbin’s team roles, which can identify personal traits and help to create balanced teams based on behavioral contributions rather than job tit

...entation'. In this section, you will also find suggestions of improvements to ensure a successful implementation of the Scrum Framework. ...sed because it embraces agility and fast project deliveries. Scrum relates to the project and development life cycles in the PMI standard. Even though Sc

...ive does however offer a positive view, by suggesting that diversity leads to increased creativity, more perspective, and more learning, which in turn ca ...best out of the team. With diverse teams, it is therefore important to try to capitalize on the benefits diversity brings and try reducing the negative e